论佛教对唐代法制之影响

发布时间：2018-04-03 16:20

  本文选题：佛教　切入点：唐代法制　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：佛教于公元前六世纪的印度产生,自东汉末年传入中国,其与政府间存在着多种关系,众多统治者把佛教视为可以发展社会的强大工具,在佛教不断发展的过程中,以儒家为代表的中国传统文化经历了许多融合与冲突,政府与佛教的互动关系体现了法律与佛教的联系。著名学者蒋传光在其《中国古代宗教与法律关系的初步考察》一文中提到,法与宗教之间存在密切关系,大众观点认为宗教与中国的法律制度的形成过程没有必然关系,外国学者也曾经研究讨论得出过这类结论。还有一个片面的观点,中国古代法律被定义为世俗性质的道德法律,它与西方法律的宗教性特征形成了鲜明对比。显然,这并未全面、客观的反映出中古法律制度和宗教间的真实关系。笔者从诸多著名学者的论文中发现诸多蛛丝马迹来说明佛教对唐代法制所具有的一定的影响力。一方面,佛教文化对统治阶层的吸引,使得传统法律制度的制定被影响并改变了司法者在司法过程中思维模式的变化;然而对底层民众而言,佛教思想的传播必定影响到众多以社会习俗为解决纠纷手段的司法过程和普通民众对司法者以及司法过程态度的变化。这些在立法层面集中体现在历代政府在法律层面对佛教的特殊规定和在普通法律中制定的以佛教思想为源泉的条文;司法层面主要体现在司法人员因果报应观、地狱观在司法过程中的运用。另一方面,统治阶层利用佛教稳定社会的功能来降低其与传统社会礼制矛盾带来的消极影响。本文主要是从三方面研究佛教对唐代法制制影响:第一部分研究佛教对唐代律令之影响。根据笔者长时间的研究,发现佛教中的十恶、禁刑等对唐代律令产生了深远影响,以至于律令中会出现诸多的佛教专业术语。从佛教与唐律令中都有的"十恶"、"断屠钓"、"十斋日"等词语的含义与它们的佛教渊源等来分析佛教用语对唐代律令产生的影响。第二部分研究佛教对武则天时期的司法实践之影响,主要是以武则天为中心展开讨论。探讨武则天与佛教之间的关系、武则天时期频繁出现大赦与佛教之间有何关系以及地狱观念对武则天时期司法实践的影响,从这三方面分析佛教对唐代司法实践的影响。第三部分重点论述了佛教对唐代法律观念之影响。从佛教观念对唐代的立法观念、司法观念和守法观念三个方面来研究佛教对唐代法律观念之影响。通过分析佛教观念对唐代统治者、司法人员和百姓的影响,论证佛教对唐代观念的影响。佛教在隋唐时期已经达到顶峰,因此势必对唐代当时的法律制度产生更深的影响。纵观多篇论述佛教与法律之关系的研究,笔者发现对佛教法律制度的研究较少,只有少数学者研究,这一方面仍有巨大的研究空间,笔者试从佛教最兴旺发达的时期唐代着手,深入探讨佛教对唐代法制之影响。
[Abstract]:The Buddhist produced in India by sixth Century BC, Chinese spread from the Eastern Han Dynasty, the existence of a variety of relationship with the government, many rulers of Buddhism can be seen as a powerful tool for the development of the society, in the process of the development of Buddhism, Confucianism as the representative of the traditional culture Chinese experienced a lot of fusion and conflict, interaction between government and Buddhism and Buddhism reflects the legal relation. The famous scholar Jiang Chuanguang mentioned in the < China ancient religion and the legal relationship of the preliminary investigation "in this paper, there is a close relationship between law and religion, public opinion formation of the legal system of religion and the China are not necessarily related, foreign scholars have discussed a study this kind of conclusion. There is a one-sided point of view, Chinese ancient law is defined as the secular nature of the moral law, religious characteristics and the western legal form of bright Than. Obviously, this is not comprehensive, objectively reflect the relationship between religion and medieval legal system. The author from many famous scholars in the paper found many traces to illustrate the Buddhism of the Tang Dynasty legal system of certain influence. On the one hand, Buddhist culture to attract a ruling class layer, making the traditional legal system by the influence and change the judicial changes in the judicial process mode of thinking; however, on the bottom of the people, the spread of Buddhism thought will affect many social customs to resolve disputes of the judicial process and the means of ordinary people on the judiciary and judicial process. The change of attitude in the legislative level is embodied in the ancient government the legal aspect of Buddhism and making special provisions in the common law in Buddhism as the source of the provisions; the judicial level is mainly reflected in the judicial personnel of karma The concept of hell, view used in the judicial process. On the other hand, the ruling class use of Buddhist social stability function to reduce its negative impact and the traditional social etiquette contradiction. This article is mainly from the three aspects of influence of Buddhism on the Tang Dynasty legal system: the first part of the study of the Tang Dynasty Buddhist precepts. According to the study of the long time, found in Buddhism the wicked, no punishment has had a profound impact on the Tang Dynasty law, that the law will appear a lot of Buddhist terminology from Buddhism and the Tang Dynasty law in some "wicked", "Duantu fishing", "ten days of fasting and other words and their meaning to analyze the origin of Buddhism Influence of Buddhism on the Tang Dynasty law. The second part studies the influence of Buddhism on judicial practice during the period of Wu Zetian, with Wu Zetian as the center is mainly discussed. The relationship between Wu Zetian and Buddhism, Wu Day period frequent influence the relationship and concept of hell to the judicial practice of Wu Zetian period between amnesty and Buddhism, analysis of the impact of Buddhism on the Tang Dynasty judicial practice from the three aspects. The third part focuses on the influence of Buddhism on the legal concept of Tang Dynasty. From the Buddhist concept of the Tang Dynasty in three aspects: legislative idea, concept of justice and the law to study the influence of Buddhism on the concept of legal concept. Through the analysis of the Tang Dynasty Buddhist concept of the Tang Dynasty rulers, influence of judicial personnel and the people of the influence of Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty. The concept of argumentation of Buddhism in Sui and Tang Dynasties has reached the peak, it is bound to have a deeper impact on the legal system of the Tang Dynasty. In the study of multi discourse of Buddhism and the law the relationship, the author found that the research on the legal system of Buddhism is less, only a few scholars, on the one hand, there are still enormous research space, pen test The influence of Buddhism on the legal system of the Tang Dynasty was deeply discussed from the Tang Dynasty in the period of the most prosperous and prosperous period of Buddhism.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D929;B949
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本文编号：1705962