法治中国背景下中国政府治理问题初探

发布时间：2018-04-04 07:29

本文选题：法治政府　切入点：治理理论　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：建设什么样的政府一直是人类社会生活中的一个重要议题。在近现代历史上,先后出现过多种理想型政府的主张。以经济自由主义为前提,政府的角色被认为应该是守夜人式的政府,管得越少的政府被认为是最好的政府。自20世纪30年代大萧条之后,随着政府干预主义的提出,政府被认为应该成为干预经济发展的另一只“看得见的手”,积极干预经济发展的政府又被认为是理想的政府。然而,到了七十、八十年代,伴随着信息化的来临,全球化、市场化程度的加深,整个世界发生了根本变化,经济结构的调整和科学技术的发展对公共行政提出了更高的要求。传统的政府管理越来越不能适应社会的变化,无法解决政府所面临的诸多问题与困境。于是,治理理论于二十世纪九十年代应运而生。治理理论提出社会公共事务应该由多个治理主体共同承担、共同管理,而政府作为治理主体中最重要的一环也应该改变其以往对社会的单纯自上而下的管理转而加强与其他治理主体的合作。我国也在上世纪九十年代治理理论兴起之时将其引入中国并加以研究和中国化。我国对治理理论的研究多集中于概念的研究,而比较少有对中国治理实践的历时性梳理和特点的归纳。而治理理论正是为解决当前中国政府实践中所面临的现实性问题而引入中国的。因此,有必要对我国的政府治理实践进行研究并在当前建设法治中国的背景下对政府治理实践出现的问题进行梳理。新中国成立以来,我国政府治理实践经过了三个阶段的变化。建国之初至改革开放之前,我国的政府治理实践是以意识形态为导向的。政府对社会的管理是全能式的,并且这种管理是深入到社会生活的每一个角落。社会成员的一切活动都被纳入到行政管理体系下。改革开放之后,国家权力逐渐向社会回归,政府的工作重心逐渐向保证和促进社会经济发展上去。自九十年代以来,随着治理理论和法治政府目标的提出,我国政府治理实践开始向着更民主、更开放、法治化程度更高的方向发展。然而,虽然我国政府治理在实践中取得了很大的进步,不可否认的是,我国政府治理实践仍存在许多问题。首先,我国政府在很多方面存在有不当的行政干预,而在另一些方面则又缺乏监管。其次,虽然我国政府治理实践开始由单纯的行政管理向提供更多更优质的公共服务的侧重点变化,但是我国政府提供的公共服务具有较大的地区性差异,在均等化层面上需要加强。最后,同样作为治理主体的社会组织和市场组织的自主发展空间有限,仍然在参与社会公共事务管理的过程中受到政府行政行为的一定程度上的限制。这些问题的存在都成为我国建设治理型政府的阻碍。解决这些问题的关键都在于合理限制政府的行政权力。法治政府不仅是我国目前理想型的政府治理模式,建设法治政府也是解决我国政府治理实践中存在的问题的有效途径。首先,法治政府建设离不开政府治理的依法确权、限权和行权。要减少和避免目前政府治理实践中存在的不当行政干预,就要切实将政府的权力限制在一定范围内,并且保障行政权力可以依法在该范围内执行。其次,构建法治政府要求政府对社会组织和市场参与公共事务给予充分的权利保障。由于我国缺乏社会组织和市场主体自主发展的历史和传统,除了简化行政审批手续外,政府还应该创造条件,鼓励社会组织和市场的自治。最后,以均等化为目标提供公正而优质的公共服务应该成为新时期法治政府建设的一个重要着力点。为全国人民提供以均等化为目标的公共服务,并不应该仅仅是某一个地区的地方性政府的责任,而应该由中央政府、法律共同支持。在法治中国建设的大背景下,无论是建设法治政府还是政府由单纯管理向合作治理,其核心都是将政府的行政权力限制在一定范围内。在当下中国,制约政府权力的关键不但在于加强司法监督力度,而更在于鼓励和保障市场主体、公民社会通过直接或间接的方式参与到政府权力制约中来。将市场主体、公民社会参与政府权力制约的活动纳入国家制度化体系,也契合法治中国建设和治理理论的内在要求。
[Abstract]:What kind of government has been an important issue in human society. In modern history, there has been a variety of ideal government claims. With economic liberalism as the premise, the role of the government should be considered the watchman style government, tube less government is considered to be the best government. Since the Great Depression of 1930s, with the intervention of government, government should be considered as a "visible hand" intervention in economic development, economic development and government intervention is considered to be an ideal government. However, in seventy, 80s, with the advent of information technology, globalization. The degree of marketization, fundamental changes have taken place in the whole world, the adjustment of economic structure and development of science and technology put forward higher request to the public administration. The traditional government management is becoming more and more cannot adapt to The change of the society, can not solve the many problems and difficulties faced by the government. Thus, governance theory came into being in 1990s. The governance theory of public affairs should be shared by multiple governance subjects, co management, and the government as the most important part of governance should also change the previous simple top-down on social management to strengthen the cooperation with other governance bodies. China is also in the last century in 90s when the rise of the governance theory is introduced and studied Chinese and China. Research on China's research on governance theory focused on the concept, and less on Chinese governance practices of the diachronic sort and characteristic of induction. The governance theory is to solve practical problems faced by the current government Chinese practice and the introduction of China. Therefore, it is necessary for our government governance Research and practice of government governance practice in combing the background of the construction of the rule of law under the Chinese problem. Since the new Chinese was established, our government governance practice after three stages. Before the beginning of the founding of the reform and opening up, the practice of government governance in our country is based on Ideology oriented. Management of the government the society is the universal type, and the management is deep into every corner of social life. All members of the society have been incorporated into the administrative management system. After the reform and opening up, the state power gradually return to the society, the government's focus gradually to ensure and promote social and economic development. Since 90s. With the development of the theory of governance and the rule of law, government, the Chinese government governance practice toward more democratic, more open, more high degree of the rule of law in the direction of development. However, although in China The government has made great progress in practice, it is undeniable that the Chinese government governance practice there are still many problems. First, the Chinese government in many ways there are improper administrative interference, but in other ways and lack of supervision. Secondly, although the Chinese government governance practice started by the administrative simply to provide more quality services to the public focus of change, but the Chinese government to provide public service with regional differences, the equalization level need to be strengthened. Finally, the same as the independent development of space governance of social organization and market organization, to a certain extent is still subject to the administrative action of the government in the process of participation in public affairs in the limit. These problems become the governance construction of China obstacles. The key to solve these problems is reasonable Limit the executive power of the government. The government under the rule of law in our country at present is not only the ideal type of government governance mode, effective way of building a government under the rule of law is to solve China's government governance problems in practice. First of all, the law is indeed the right law government cannot do without the government governance, limited rights and exercise. In order to reduce or avoid the existing government governance practice improper administrative intervention, the power of the government should be limited in a certain range, and to ensure the administrative power according to the law can be executed in the scope. Secondly, constructing the government under the rule of law requires the government to guarantee full rights to social organization and market participation in public affairs. Because of the lack of social organizations and independent market subject the development of history and tradition, in addition to simplify the administrative examination and approval procedures, the government should also create conditions to encourage social organizations and market autonomy. Finally, for equalization Objective to provide fair and high-quality public services should be the rule of law government construction in the new period is an important focal point. In order to provide equalization as the goal of the public service for the people of the whole country, should not only be in a certain area of local government responsibility, and should be made by the central government, the legal background of the common support. The rule of law Chinese construction, both the construction of government under the rule of law and government from management to governance, is the core of the government's administrative power is restricted within a certain range. In the present China, key to restrict the power of the government not only in strengthening the judicial supervision, but to encourage and protect the main body of the market, civil society participation to restrict the government power in a direct or indirect way. The main body of the market, civil society participation in the government the power to restrict the activities into the system of state system, also the rule of law China deed The internal requirements of the theory of construction and governance.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630

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