论网络言论自由的法律边界

发布时间：2018-04-08 23:21

本文选题：言论自由　切入点：网络　出处：《安徽大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：言论自由,简单的说就是人们按照自己的意愿自由地发表言论以及与听取他人陈述意见的权利。随着互联网时代的来临,网络越来越成为人们发表言论的理想场所。由于权利之繁多与多样性,加之网络自身所具有的匿名性、开放性与即时互动性等诸多特点,人们在行使言论自由的同时,常常会触及到公共利益以及他人的合法权利。同时,言论自由作为公民一项最基本也是最重要的宪法权利,它不仅是公民实现自我人格与发展前提,对民主社会之进步亦有着重要的促进作用。现实生活中,如何界定网络言论自由之法律边界成为一个值得研究的问题,也是本文探讨的重点。如何正确处理言论自由与公共利益以及他人合法权利之间的关系,对维护公民之言论自由,进而促进法治社会之建设具有重要的意义。本文分为引言、正文、结语三个部分,对网络言论自由的价值、限制理论作了详细的论述。文章通过对“秦火火”的案例分析,兼论两高之《关于办理利用信息网络实施诽谤等刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》,从宏观的角度以期引起读者的思考。其中正文部分主要又分为三大部分：第一部分从整体的角度对网络言论自由作了一个理论概述。首先阐述了言论自由的内涵,它分为狭义和广义两个层面,基于文章研究之需要,本文仅从狭义的角度对言论自由进行分析,即不包含新闻、出版、游行、示威等广义上的言论自由。除了一般意义上,人们对言论自由属宪法权利之认知外,笔者引述了刘作翔教授的看法,即言论自由也是一种个人权利与个体权利。其次,笔者从个人与社会两个层面分析了言论自由的重要价值——构建自我人格、促进民主、发扬容忍、维持社会之道德基础、促进社会经济文化发展等等。第三,笔者系统梳理了现今国内外对言论自由的法律规制,重点分析了我国对言论自由法律规制中存在的问题与不足。最后,笔者着重分析了网络环境下言论自由的新发展,并提出了其中的一些问题。第二部分笔者着重分析了言论自由限制理论。首先提出权利冲突的问题。在笔者看来,对这个问题的认知是认识网络言论自由法律边界之前提要见。笔者从权利冲突是否存在、何为权利冲突、权利冲突的主体问题、权利冲突的原因及实质、权利冲突的解决之道等五个方面对权利冲突问题作了详尽的阐述。权利冲突问题的存在如今已经得到学界之共识。在权利冲突主体问题上,笔者介绍了张千帆教授的观点,启发读者对此问题从不同的角度去思考。在权利冲突的原因及实质问题上,笔者介绍了学界的学者们对这一问题的不同认知。最后,学者们从功利原则的经济分析法学、法定原则、法学方法论等不同理论视角对权利冲突问题提出了自己的解决之道,笔者对之作出了自己的评价。其次,文章分析了言论自由的限制的四个理由——他人的权利与荣誉、国家安全、公共秩序、公共道德,以及言论自由限制的三个原则——合法性、合目的性、合比例原则。第三部分,文章以“秦火火”案为例,探讨了网络言论自由中存在的问题。笔者首先简单介绍了一下案情,接着从传统刑法理论的角度对秦案中涉及的诽谤罪作了分析,然后提出普通法上诽谤罪的抗辩理由——真实或证明正当、特权、公平评论、不完全答辩。最后,文章对整个案件过程中存在的问题作了一一分析,并着重对两高的《诽谤法解释》作了评析,从宏观角度分析了秦案可能产生的重大影响,提出法治与道德自律并行的必要性。结语部分,文章再次呼吁了言论自由的重要性。通过对网络言论自由之法律边界的探究,从宏观的角度,以期引出读者对当前社会问题的思考,对言论自由、宪政、司法独立等相互之间的关系以及它们对法治社会建设重要性的认知,得出言论自由正是培育民主社会公民理性思维的前提之结论。
[Abstract]:Freedom of speech, simply means that people in accordance with their wishes to speak freely, and listen to the statement of rights. With the advent of the Internet era, the Internet has become more and more people express ideal place of speech. Because the right variety and diversity, and the network anonymity itself has many characteristics, openness and real time interactive, people in the exercise of freedom of speech and often involves the public interests and the legitimate rights of others. At the same time, the freedom of speech as citizens of one of the most basic and most important constitutional rights, it is not only the premise of self personality and realize the development of citizens in a democratic society, progress is also important role. In real life, how to define the legal boundaries of freedom of speech on the Internet has become a problem worthy of study, is also the focus of this paper. How to deal with words Discussion on the relationship between freedom and the public interests and the legitimate rights of others, to safeguard the citizens' freedom of speech, and promote the construction of the rule of law society has important significance. This paper is divided into preface, text, conclusion of three parts of the network, the value of freedom of speech, theory of constraints are discussed in detail. Based on the analysis of "Qin fire fire case of two high on the handling of the" defamation law applicable to certain issues in criminal cases explanations of the use of information networks, from a macro point of view in order to arouse the reader's thinking. The text is mainly divided into three parts: the first part gives an overview of the theory of freedom of speech on the Internet as a whole angle. This paper expounds the connotation of the freedom of speech, it is divided into two broad and narrow sense, this article based on the research needs, this paper only from the narrow sense of freedom of speech analysis, i.e. Includes news, publishing, demonstrations, demonstrations and other broad freedom of speech. In addition to the general sense, awareness of constitutional rights to freedom of speech is, the author quoted the view of Professor Liu Zuoxiang, the freedom of speech is also a kind of personal rights and individual rights. Secondly, the author analyzes the important value of the freedom of speech: the construction of self from the two aspects of personality, individual and society to promote democracy, promote tolerance, maintain the moral foundation of society, promote the cultural development of society and economy and so on. Third, the author systematically analyzes the legal regulation of freedom of speech at home and abroad, analyzes the existence of the freedom of speech in the legal regulation of the problems and shortcomings. Finally, the author focuses on the analysis of the new development of the freedom of speech under the network environment, and puts forward some problems. The second part focuses on the analysis of the restrictions on freedom of speech theory. Firstly, right The interest conflict problem. In my opinion, on the issue of cognition is the freedom of speech on the Internet before the law. The author from the abstract boundary right conflict exists, what is the main problem of the conflict of rights, rights conflict, reason and essence of the conflict of rights, rights conflict solution in five aspects in detail on the question of the right conflict. The conflict of rights problems now get academic consensus. In the main conflict of rights issues, the author introduces the viewpoint of Professor Zhang Qianfan, inspiring readers this problem from different perspective. In the reason of conflict of rights and substantive issues, the author introduces the academic scholars the different cognition of this problem. Finally, the scholars from the utilitarian principle of economic analysis of law, legal principle, legal methodology and different theories put forward their own solution to the question of the right conflict The road, the author makes a comment on it. Secondly, this paper analyzes the limits of freedom of speech in the four reasons: the right of others and honor, national security, public order, public morality, and restrictions on freedom of speech three principle, legitimacy, purposiveness, proportionality principle. The third part the Qin fire fire case as an example, discusses the existing problems in the freedom of speech on the Internet. The author first introduces about the case, then made an analysis from the perspective of the theory of traditional criminal libel case involving the Qin, and then put forward the general law of defamation Defenses -- real or justified that privilege, fair comment, incomplete reply. Finally, the paper made detailed analysis on the existing problems in the whole process of the case, and focus on the two "libel law explanations of comments and analysis from the macro perspective of the Qin case possible Great influence, proposed the necessity of the rule of law and moral self-discipline in parallel. The conclusion part, the importance of freedom of speech. Call again by exploring the boundaries on the legal network of freedom of speech, from a macro point of view, in order to lead the reader on the current social problems, to freedom of speech, constitutionalism, judicial independence, mutual relationship between and their awareness of the importance of building the rule of law, to speak of freedom is the cultivation of citizen democratic society rational thinking premise conclusion.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D921;D924.34

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