电化学法制备ZnO纳米结构及其性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 19:46

本文选题：不同ZnO纳米结构　切入点：阳极氧化　出处：《上海交通大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文利用电化学阳极氧化在两种不同的电解液环境下制备氧化锌纳米结构,通过调整电解液浓度、反应时间和电压获得了不同结构的氧化锌薄膜,分析了其中的生长机制,并研究了其Raman及Pl光谱,最后研究了这些氧化锌薄膜的电湿性行为。本文首先简单介绍了纳米科技的概念、纳米材料的特殊效应和发展历程。然后简单介绍了制备纳米结构常用的物理化学方法(气相和液相方法)的原理和工艺以及表征纳米材料的主要手段的原理和技术(包括扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析仪、原子力显微镜和光致发光谱仪等)。接着回顾了纳米氧化锌材料的研究背景,以及纳米氧化锌的一些特殊结构(包括纳米棒、纳米线、纳米梳、纳米锯、纳米弹簧和纳米环等)。最后我们阐述了纳米氧化锌在工业上的一些应用。然后比较了三种不同制备方法(化学气相沉积法、水溶液法和电化学法)的优缺点。然后具体介绍了如何利用电化学阳极氧化法制备氧化锌纳米结构。接下来我们描述了纳米氧化锌的一些基本参数和在光学方面的一些性质。最后我们具体阐述了利用简单快捷的电化学阳极氧化法在两种不同电解液环境(碱性和酸性环境)下制备氧化锌纳米结构,包通过调整电解液浓度、反应时间和反应电压我们可以获得不同结构的氧化锌薄膜,括纳米点,纳米线和纳花瓣,接着我们深入研究分析了内在的生长机制和表征了这些氧化锌薄膜的光学性质,发现这些氧化锌薄膜具有类似的Raman谱和PL谱,并且在PL谱中展示出强的和半峰宽窄(30-40nm)的可见发光峰,通过分析可以得出:1.氧化锌薄膜中的缺陷主要是填隙锌;2.强的可见发光峰归因于ZnO纳米结构内部电子在VOZni与价带之间跃迁。由于强的可见发光性能,这些ZnO薄膜可能应用于可见光电子器件,光阳极染料敏化太阳能电池和传感器方面。最后,我们研究了氧化锌薄膜表面的电湿性行为,我们通过调整加在Pt电极和ZnO之间的偏压,我们可以使氧化锡薄膜由近超缩水性向亲水转变。之后对其中的机理进入了深入分析,最后得出了这种电湿性行为可以归因于在电场的作用下ZnO薄膜表面缺陷态的变化。
[Abstract]:The Raman and Pl spectra of ZnO films were also studied. Finally, the electrowettability of these ZnO thin films was studied.In this paper, the concept of nanotechnology, the special effect and development of nanomaterials are introduced.Then, the principle and technology of physical and chemical methods (gas phase and liquid phase) used in the preparation of nanostructures are briefly introduced, as well as the principles and techniques of the main means of characterizing nanomaterials (including scanning electron microscopy).Transmission electron microscope (TEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and photoluminescence spectrometer, etc.Then the research background of nano-ZnO materials and some special structures of nano-ZnO materials including nanorods nanowires nanometer-combs nanometer-saws nanometer-springs and nanometer-rings are reviewed.Finally, some applications of nanometer zinc oxide in industry are described.Then, the advantages and disadvantages of three different preparation methods (chemical vapor deposition, aqueous solution and electrochemical method) were compared.Then how to prepare ZnO nanostructures by electrochemical anodic oxidation is introduced in detail.Then we describe some basic parameters and optical properties of nanometer ZnO.Finally, we describe the preparation of zinc oxide nanostructures in two different electrolyte environments (alkaline and acidic) by a simple and rapid electrochemical anodic oxidation method.We can obtain ZnO thin films with different structure, including nanowires, nanowires and nanowires at different reaction times and voltages. Then we have studied the intrinsic growth mechanism and characterized the optical properties of these ZnO thin films.It is found that these ZnO thin films have similar Raman and PL spectra, and show the visible luminescence peaks of strong and half-peak width of 30-40 nm in PL spectrum.The main defect in zinc oxide film is filling zinc oxide 2.The strong visible luminescence peak is attributed to the transition of electrons in the ZnO nanostructure between the VOZni and the valence band.Due to their strong visible luminescence, these ZnO thin films may be used in visible optoelectronic devices, photoanode dye sensitized solar cells and sensors.Finally, we have studied the electrowetting behavior of zinc oxide film surface. By adjusting the bias between Pt electrode and ZnO, we can make the tin oxide film change from near supershrink to hydrophilic.Then the mechanism is deeply analyzed, and the electrowetting behavior can be attributed to the change of surface defect state of ZnO film under the action of electric field.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：TB383.1

【引证文献】