我国城市摊贩管理的法治化研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 07:38

本文选题：摊贩 + 摊贩管理　；参考：《广西师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：摊贩,作为零售商的一种,已有几千年的历史。如今,伴随着城市化的快速发展,越来越多的农村剩余劳动力涌向城市,由于摆摊的门槛低、成本不高,再加上他们文化程度低、不懂技术,因此很多人加入了摊贩的队伍。随着这支队伍的不断扩大,这就给城市管理部门增加了管理难度,城管执法人员与摊贩的暴力冲突事件时有发生,这与我们国家以人为本、科学发展,建立和谐社会的重要指导思想是不相吻合的。现代化的城市真的没有小摊贩的容身之地吗?城管执法人员与摊贩之间的矛盾冲突难道就没有一个很好的缓和之计吗? 随着2009年7月21日国务院法制办公室个体工商户条例征求意见稿的公布,引起了社会各界关于流动摊贩是否应当合法化的争论。正是在这样的一个背景下,笔者对城市中摊贩的管理产生了兴趣,本文采用比较研究和历史研究,通过对我国对摊贩治理历程的分析和研究,结合目前摊贩治理中面临的法律困境和种种现实问题,并吸取和借鉴我国港台地区和国外政府对城市摊贩的治理经验,结合有关理论,试图从城市摊贩管理法治化的角度来分析我国当前城市摊贩管理的现状以及存在的问题。本文主要分五个部分,主要内容如下：第一部分主要围绕本文研究对象“摊贩”的概念进行介绍,结合摊贩的词义解释和我国香港、台湾地区以及国外有关法律对摊贩的法律解释,给出摊贩的定义,并对摊贩经济进行法律性分析,然后通过对摊贩存在的原因进行分析。还进一步介绍了我国城市摊贩的治理历程。时间上大致从解放后到社会主义改造时期,从困难时期到“文化大革命”时期,以及到近些年来的摊贩管理过程。管理方法从限制和紧缩到取缔和禁止,再到改革开放后一段时期的宽容态度,到后来的“堵疏结合”,发展到现阶段的摊贩自治以及“以人为本”的人性化管理。第二部分就我国现阶段城市摊贩管理面临的法治困境及其原因进行了分析。首先是结合摊贩存在所带来的社会问题来分析对城市摊贩进行管理的必要性；其次立法观念与现实需要脱节,现有的法律制度不能很好的解决摊贩治理的难题,以及法律法规滞后是现阶段摊贩治理中立法层面存在的主要问题；执法部门的法律地位模糊,暴力执法现象时有发生以及执法方式不当等是执法层面存在的主要问题。第三部分主要分析我国的港澳台地区以及美国、法国、韩国、泰国等国外城市摊贩管理的有关法律制度,并对他们在管理主体及职责、开放区域及摊贩经营范围、摊贩许可证资格的取得等方面进行比较分析,总结他们相关法律制度的特点,并结合我国现阶段摊贩治理中遇到的问题,分析其值得我们借鉴的地方。第四部分针对我国当前城市摊贩管理相关法律制度的缺失,以及现有制度的不完善,结合我国实际,试图提出对我国城市摊贩进行法治化管理的对策。首先是要正确认识摊贩存在的客观基础,转变政府管理理念；其次是针对我国现存以处罚制度为主的管理制度所存在的问题,试图提出转变摊贩管理的法治模式；再次是转变立法观念,改变现有“只为领导服务”的思维方式,树立“以人为本,为民服务”的理念；还有就是在执法过程中要严格依照法定程序,并建立完善的城管执法监督体系；提高全民的法律意识,做好普法宣传工作也是摊贩管理法治化前进中的一项重要任务。最后为结语部分。事关民生无小事。城市中摊贩与城管之间矛盾冲突的合理解决,对于社会的和谐发展有着重要的影响,而把对小摊贩管理法治化也与当前构建中国特色的社会主义法治社会是相符合的。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization , more and more rural surplus labor flows into the city . With the rapid development of urbanization , many people join the ranks of vendors . With the expansion of this team , many people join the ranks of vendors . As the team continues to expand , there are many people who have joined the ranks of vendors . Are there really no small vendors in modern cities ? Is there a good relaxation in the conflict between law enforcement officials and vendors ?

On July 21 , 2009 , the publication of the draft of the Regulations of the State Council under the State Council ' s Regulations for the Administration of Commerce and Industry has raised interest in the management of the vendors in the city .

This article is divided into five parts , the main contents are as follows :

In the first part , the author introduces the concept of the " vendors " in the thesis , explains the legal interpretation of the vendors in combination with the meanings of the vendors and the relevant laws of Hong Kong , Taiwan and abroad , gives the definition of the vendors , and analyzes the causes of the vendors .

The second part analyzes the rule of law and the causes of the management of the city vendors in our country at present . Firstly , it analyzes the necessity of the management of the city vendors in combination with the social problems brought by the vendors .
Second , the legislative concept and reality need to be divorced , the existing legal system can not solve the problem of the dealer ' s governance , and the lag of laws and regulations is the main problem existing in the legislation level of the present stage of vendors ' governance ;
The legal status of law enforcement departments is vague , the occurrence of violent law enforcement and improper execution of law enforcement are the main problems in law enforcement .

The third part mainly analyzes the legal system related to the management of domestic vendors in Hong Kong , Macao and Taiwan and the United States , France , Korea , Thailand and so on , and compares them with the management subjects and responsibilities , the open area and the business scope of the vendors , the obtaining of the qualification of the vendors ' licenses , etc . , summarizes the characteristics of their relevant legal systems , and analyzes the problems that deserve our reference in the light of the problems encountered in the present stage of vendor governance in our country .

The fourth part aims at the lack of the relevant legal system of the current urban vendor management in China and the imperfection of the existing system , and tries to put forward the countermeasures for the legalization management of the city vendors in our country . First , we should correctly understand the objective basis of the vendors ' existence and change the idea of government management .
Secondly , aiming at the problems existing in the management system based on the punishment system in China , the author tries to put forward the rule of law mode of transforming the vendor management ;
Thirdly , change the concept of legislation , change the way of thinking of " only serve as leadership service " , set up the concept of " people - oriented and people - oriented service " ;
In the process of law enforcement , it is necessary to strictly follow the legal procedure and establish the perfect supervision system of the city management ;
It is an important task to improve the law consciousness of the whole people and to do well the propaganda work of the public law .

Finally , the conclusion is that there is no small business in the people ' s livelihood . The rational solution of the conflict between the vendors and the city pipes in the city has an important influence on the harmonious development of the society .

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.181;F299.24

【参考文献】