当代中国地方政府民主决策途径问题探讨

发布时间：2018-04-16 18:25

本文选题：地方政府 + 民主决策　；参考：《长安大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 地方政府民主决策途径是一个复合性的话题,无论是对于政府、行政管理者和作为行政相对人的公民个体、还是对于整个社会,乃至于公共政策本身,民主决策途径拓展的积极作用是勿庸置疑的。随着社会主义民主政治的不断发展以及公共政策学理论研究的不断深入,公共问题受到社会民众广泛的关注,地方政府民主决策途径已经成为公民参与公共管理的重要手段。这突出体现了公民参与意识的逐步提升,解决公共问题也不再限定于政府能力的范围内,而是扩展到全社会。在我国完善市场经济建设的过程中,如何才能从执政观念上、方式、制度上、保障民主决策,拓宽公民参与渠道真正使人民有效地参与到制定公共政策中是一个值得深入研究的问题。本文以地方政府民主决策途径这一富有现实意义的话题作为研究对象,试图从民主行政的视角,着眼于“怎样实现好人民广泛参与充分代表公民意愿和诉求的公共政策”,通过对公民参与公共政策一般理论的分析,在描述国外公共决策中公民参与的方式与制度的基础上,讨论了当代我国地方政府制定公共政策中公民参与的方式、制度的现状和问题以及原因分析,提出拓展我国地方政府民主决策途径的措施。研究主体主要包括以下四个部分： 1.首先回顾和归纳了党和政府的民主行政的思想成果,简要阐述了公民参与的相关理论：宪法学理论、民主理论、行政学理论,从而演变出新的治理理论以从不同侧面寻找公民参与的支撑点,为我国地方政府民主决策途径问题构建理论平台。2.着力分析了地方人民代表大会、地方政协委员会、政务公开、专家咨询和公开听政这五种民主决策方式来阐明地方政府民主决策过程中政协缺位、政务公开和听证会的法制不完善三个方面的问题。3.对民主决策基本制度、制度程序、民主决策评估制度和责任追究制度进行剖析,同时重点对决策评估的法律缺乏、政策评估主体缺失、政策评估的路径缺失以及责任追究制度中缺乏刚性和统一的法律制度、缺乏完整的实施环节、行政首长制成为瓶颈性障碍和权责不统一的七个问题进行了深入分析。4.解读现实中地方政府民主决策途径中的难点与重点,借鉴国外公共政策制定中公民参与的理论和实践,进而对我国地方政府民主决策途径存在的问题尝试从民意调查制度、政府信息公开体系、社会听证及专家咨询制度、民主参与决策责任追究制度和民主参与者的综合素质这五个方面提出一些可能的对策与建议；拓宽我国地方政府民主决策途径,健全民主决策制度,以呼应民主行政、和谐社会的大走向。
[Abstract]:The path of democratic decision-making in local governments is a complex topic, not only for the government, the administrative manager and the individual citizen as the administrative counterpart, but also for the society as a whole, and even for the public policy itself.There is no doubt that the positive role of the expansion of democratic decision-making approaches.With the continuous development of socialist democratic politics and the deepening of the theoretical study of public policy, public issues have been widely concerned by the public. The democratic decision-making approach of local governments has become an important means for citizens to participate in public management.This highlights the gradual improvement of citizen's participation consciousness, and the solution of public problems is no longer limited to the scope of the government's ability, but extends to the whole society.In the process of perfecting the construction of market economy in our country, how can we guarantee democratic decision-making in terms of the concept of governance, the way and the system,It is worth further study to widen the channels of citizen participation and make people participate effectively in the formulation of public policy.This article takes the local government democratic decision-making path as the research object, attempts from the democratic administration angle of view, aims at "how to realize the people's extensive participation in the public policy which fully represents the citizen's will and demand".Based on the analysis of the general theory of citizen participation in public policy, and on the basis of describing the mode and system of citizen participation in foreign public decision-making, this paper discusses the mode of citizen participation in the formulation of public policy by local governments in contemporary China.This paper analyzes the present situation, problems and causes of the system, and puts forward some measures to expand the democratic decision-making path of our local government.The main body of the study consists of the following four parts:1.First of all, it reviews and summarizes the ideological achievements of the democratic administration of the Party and the government, and briefly expounds the relevant theories of citizen participation: the theory of constitutional law, the theory of democracy, the theory of administration.Thus, the new governance theory is evolved to find the supporting point of citizen participation from different aspects, and to construct the theoretical platform.Focusing on the five democratic decision-making methods of the local people's congresses, local CPPCC committees, open government affairs, expert consultation and open hearings, to clarify the absence of the CPPCC in the democratic decision-making process of local governments.Open government affairs and the imperfect legal system of the hearing three aspects of the problem. 3.It analyzes the basic system of democratic decision-making, the procedure of system, the evaluation system of democratic decision making and the accountability system. At the same time, it focuses on the lack of law and the lack of subject of policy evaluation.The lack of the path of policy evaluation, the lack of rigid and unified legal system in the accountability system, the lack of a complete implementation link, the seven problems that the executive head system becomes the bottleneck obstacle and the unity of power and responsibility is not unified are deeply analyzed.This paper interprets the difficulties and emphases in the way of democratic decision-making of local governments in reality, draws lessons from the theory and practice of citizen participation in the formulation of foreign public policies, and tries to make an attempt at the problems existing in the path of democratic decision-making of local governments in our country from the system of public opinion survey.Some possible countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from five aspects: the open system of government information, the system of social hearing and expert consultation, the system of investigating responsibility for democratic participation in decision-making and the comprehensive quality of democratic participants.Perfect democratic decision-making system to echo democratic administration and harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D630

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