插层法制备相变调温调湿材料及性能试验研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 06:10

本文选题：熔融插层 + 有机改性　；参考：《西安建筑科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着世界经济的快速发展,能源匮乏和浪费的问题已越来越得到人们的关注,在这种环境下,开发出可以节约能源和提高利用率的技术从某种程度来说可以缓解能源匮乏所带来的问题,其中建筑能耗作为能源消耗的一大领域,其节能技术的研究和探索已变得刻不容缓。目前众多科学家主要关注于具有蓄热功能材料的研究,因为蓄热材料是通过自身相态的转变进行吸收和释放热量,从而调节和控制周围环境温度的变动,达到节约建筑能耗的目的,但伴随着人们对品质生活要求的不断上升,对室内居住品质和舒适度的标准也变得逐渐提高,其中,湿舒适度作为一个重要的影响因素,如何控制其保持在一个合理的范围内是科学家们最为关注的问题,综合以上,研究出能同时具有调温调湿能力的复合建筑材料已成为当今的热点问题。针对以上情况,本文主要通过以下几个方面对相变调湿复合材料的制备和性能进行了研究。首先本文以未改性的钠基蒙脱土为基体材料,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为改性剂,通过正交试验,研究搅拌时间、改性配比、反应温度对钠基蒙脱土改性效果的影响,并结合饱和盐溶液法对改性前后的钠基蒙脱土进行湿性能测试,从平衡含湿量方面探究其改性效果的优劣。采用XRD、FTIR和SEM等测试手段对改性钠基蒙脱土的微观形貌、物质结构、结构组成进行测试分析。试验结果表明,对改性效果影响因素大小排序为:改性配比搅拌时间反应温度,其最佳方案为改性剂/钠基蒙脱土为0.4:1,反应温度60℃,反应时间120min,改性后的钠基蒙脱土层间距由改性前0.97nm增大到1.92nm,同时湿性能试验表明,改性后的钠基蒙脱土的平衡含湿量(相对湿度)较未改性之前有大幅提升。其次以改性后的钠基蒙脱土为插层主体材料,以不同种类的相变储能材料为插层客体材料,采用熔融插层法制备一系列不同相变储热材料用量、不同加热温度、不同搅拌时间的相变调湿复合材料,通过不同相变材料/改性钠基蒙脱土插层后稳定性评价及相关的形貌、组成、成分表征,获得相变调湿复合材料的优化制备工艺参数。最后以丙烯酸为增湿材料,进一步探索复合材料湿度调节能力提高的技术途径,分别采用步冷曲线法、DSC测试法和饱和盐溶液法对优化后的不同相变调湿复合材料进行热湿性能测试,测试结果表明:热性能方面,以固-液有机相变材料为客体制备的相变调湿复合材料控温时间最久,而以固-固有机相变材料为客体制备的相变调湿复合材料控温时间效果欠佳。湿性能方面,以新戊二醇/改性钠基蒙脱土的平衡含湿量最大,月桂酸/改性钠基蒙脱土平衡含湿量最小,并且和改性后插层前的钠基蒙脱土平衡含湿量(相对湿度为64.92%)0.0748 g/g进行对比,发现平衡含湿量都有不同水平的下降。增湿工艺试验表明,掺加丙烯酸的相变调湿复合材料比不掺加丙烯酸的相变调湿复合材料的调湿性有明显提高,其中相变调湿复合材料最优制备方案为中和度80%,月桂酸/改性钠基蒙脱土的质量百分比为20%,搅拌温度为60℃。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of world economy, energy shortage and waste problems have been more and more attention, in this environment, the development can save energy and improve the utilization of the technology can ease the energy shortage problem to some extent, the building energy consumption as a major field of energy consumption. It is urgent to study and explore the energy saving technology. At present, many scientists focus on the research of functional materials with thermal storage, because the storage material is transformed through its own phase to absorb and release heat, so as to regulate and control the change of ambient temperature, saves the energy consumption of buildings, but with the requirements of people the quality of life of the rising of indoor living quality and comfort standards have become gradually increased, the wet comfort as an important factor How to control, keep it in a reasonable range of scientists is the most concern, based on the above, a study of composite materials has the temperature and humidity control ability has become a hot topic. In view of the above situation, this paper mainly through the following aspects of phase modulated composite wet preparation and the performance is studied. Firstly, the unmodified montmorillonite as matrix material, sixteen alkyl three methyl bromide as a modifier, through the orthogonal test of mixing time, modification ratio, the effect of reaction temperature on the effect of OMMT Modified Na, and combined with the method of saturated salt solution before and after the modification of sodium montmorillonite wet performance test, the equilibrium moisture content of the modified effect. By using XRD, FTIR and SEM test methods of modified Na montmorillonite modified the microstructure, material structure, structure Composition were tested and analyzed. The results showed that the effect of modification factors of the order of the modified time ratio reaction temperature stirring, the best solution for modifier / Na montmorillonite is 0.4:1, reaction temperature 60 C, reaction time 120min, the modified Na montmorillonite modified by layer spacing 0.97nm increased to 1.92nm, while wet performance tests show that the modified Na MMT equilibrium moisture content (relative humidity) than unmodified before has increased dramatically. Followed by the modified Na montmorillonite intercalation as main material, the phase change of different materials as intercalation the object of materials by melt to prepare a series of different PCM dosage intercalation method, different heating temperature, stirring time of the conditioning phase transition of different composite materials, by sodium modified with different phase change material / montmorillonite intercalation after stability evaluation and related morphology, composition, The characterization of components, preparation process parameters optimization of phase change composite humidity. Finally using acrylic acid as the humidifying materials, to further explore the way of improving ability of regulating composite humidity, respectively by cooling curve method, DSC test method and saturated salt solution method to different phase optimized wet composite heat performance test wet, the test results show that the thermal performance, the solid-liquid phase transition of organic phase change materials for preparation of object humidity composite temperature control most time in the solid phase change material for phase transfer machine natural object preparation of wet composite materials to control the temperature time effect is poor. Wet performance, using neopentyl glycol / modified montmorillonite the equilibrium moisture content, lauric acid / modified montmorillonite and equilibrium moisture content is minimum, and the modified intercalated montmorillonite before the equilibrium moisture content (relative humidity is 64.92%) 0.0748 g/g By contrast, found that the equilibrium moisture content were decreased at different levels. Humidification process tests showed that adding acrylic acid wet phase composite humidity controlling composite humidity control is better than phase by adding acrylic acid, wherein the phase change composite humidity optimal preparation scheme for neutralization degree of 80%, lauric acid / modified Na montmorillonite mass percentage is 20%, the stirring temperature is 60 degree Celsius.

【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB34

【参考文献】