正当程序视角下政府管理大学的法治化研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 15:49

本文选题：正当法律程序 + 政府　；参考：《安徽大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着社会的不断发展,大学在社会中的地位和作用逐步增强,如何进一步理顺政府与大学的关系,完善政府对大学的管理,成为当代教育界需要面对和研究的重要课题。在英美法系国家,其法律制度相当完善,在管理大学的过程中政府主要通过程序正当和实体合法来保障大学的自治地位,而我国属于大陆法系,重实体轻程序的传统观念一直在法律界存在,政府与大学的关系很大程度还是行政间的隶属关系,政府对大学的管理主要还是通过实体法来进行管理,忽略了对程序正当性的考虑。本文认为,在提倡依法治教的今天,不仅要从法律制度上尊重和保障大学的办学自主权,同时也要从程序上给予保障,正当程序理念下要求政府明确行使权力的规范。因此,本文的创新之处就在于将正当程序的理念引入到政府对大学的管理中,从而尝试从程序上构建政府管理大学的法治化模型：在教育决策的过程中,政府不是决策制定的唯一主体,而应提倡民主参与程序,让大学校长、教师等共同参与到决策过程；在政府管理大学的执行程序中,政府应按照信息公开的原则主动向相关人公开信息；在政府管理大学的监督程序中,通过上级政府、司法机关和新闻监督来共同规范政府的管理行为；在大学的法律救济中,通过教育的申诉、复议机制以及教育的仲裁与调节来维护大学的自身权利。第一章从理论上论证正当程序和政府管理大学的逻辑契合,奠定全文的理论基点和研究基调。首先,介绍正当程序的制度渊源,正当程序最早产生于英国,后传入美国并载入美国宪法,19世纪末才开始传入大陆法系。其次,介绍我国政府管理大学的法制历程。新中国成立后,政府对大学的管理由无法到有法、最后到多部法律,但这些法律自身存在矛盾、并且与行政法、行政诉讼法等其他法律不兼容,更为严重的是教育法律的滞后性,远远跟不上社会的发展。最后,由上述原因,从逻辑上论证正当程序在政府管理大学的必要性。因为正当程序能够实现公正、公平,体现正义,并且正当程序也能够限制恣意、防止权力滥用并实现民主参与。第二章从现实角度入手。首先介绍在我国近期出现的政府管理大学中出现的争议性案件,如2008年4月西北政法大学因质疑陕西省学位办不公正对待其申报博士学位授权点申请,向陕西省人民政府提出行政复议案。其次分析我国政府在管理大学中违背正当程序的原因。例如：有“重实体、轻程序”的传统意识,有法规效力的参差不齐等。第三章从制度上设计如何实现政府管理大学遵守正当程序。文中从政府管理大学的决策程序、执行程序、监督程序三个方面进行阐述,最后介绍政府管理大学的救济程序,即当政府管理大学中出现问题,侵害到了大学的权利时,大学如何通过法律去维护自身的权利。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of society, the status and role of universities in the society is gradually enhanced. How to further straighten out the relationship between the government and the university and improve the management of universities by the government has become an important subject to be faced and studied by the contemporary educational circles.In Anglo-American law countries, its legal system is quite perfect. In the process of managing universities, the government mainly guarantees the autonomous status of universities through due process and legal entity, while our country belongs to the continental law system.The traditional concept of valuing substance over procedure has always existed in the legal profession. The relationship between the government and the university is to a large extent the subordinate relationship between the administration and the university. The administration of the university by the government is mainly managed by the substantive law.The consideration of the legitimacy of the procedure is ignored.This paper holds that today, when we advocate governing education according to law, we should not only respect and guarantee the autonomy of running a university from the legal system, but also guarantee it from a procedural point of view. Under the concept of due process, the government is required to clearly exercise its power.Therefore, the innovation of this paper lies in the introduction of the concept of due process into the administration of universities by the government, so as to try to construct a legal model of government management of universities from a procedural point of view: in the process of educational decision-making,The government is not the only main body of decision-making, but should promote democratic participation procedure, involving university presidents and teachers in the decision-making process.The government should take the initiative to disclose the information to the relevant persons in accordance with the principle of information disclosure; in the supervisory procedure of the government managing the university, the government should jointly regulate the government's management behavior through the superior government, the judicial organ and the news supervision; in the legal relief of the university, the government should take the initiative to disclose the information to the relevant persons;To protect the university's own rights through educational appeal, reconsideration mechanism and educational arbitration and regulation.The first chapter theoretically demonstrates the logical agreement between due process and government management universities, and establishes the theoretical basis and research tone of the full text.First of all, it introduces the system origin of due process, which originated in England, and was introduced into the United States and the United States Constitution in the late 19th century before it began to be introduced into the civil law system.Secondly, it introduces the legal history of our government management universities.After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the administration of universities by the government has changed from being unable to have laws, and finally to many laws. However, these laws have their own contradictions and are incompatible with other laws such as administrative law, administrative procedure law, etc.What is more serious is the lagged nature of educational law, far from keeping up with the development of society.Finally, from the above reasons, the necessity of due process in government management universities is demonstrated logically.Because due process can achieve justice, fairness, justice, and due process can limit arbitrariness, prevent abuse of power and achieve democratic participation.The second chapter starts from the realistic angle.First of all, it introduces the controversial cases in the recent government management universities in China. For example, in April 2008, the Northwest University of political Science and Law, because of questioning the unfair treatment of the Shaanxi Provincial Scholarship Office, applied for a doctorate application.To the Shaanxi Provincial people's Government for administrative review.Secondly, it analyzes the reasons why our government violates due process in the management of universities.For example: there is a "emphasis on substance, light process" of the traditional consciousness, there are varying laws and regulations, and so on.The third chapter designs how to realize the government management university obeys the due process from the system.This paper expounds the decision-making procedure, executive procedure and supervision procedure of government management university. At last, it introduces the relief procedure of government management university, that is, when there is a problem in government management university, it infringes the right of university.How universities protect their rights by law.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：G647

【参考文献】