教育公平视角下的户籍制度改革

发布时间：2018-04-25 00:37

本文选题：教育公平 + 户籍制度　；参考：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：户籍制度是指与户籍或者户口相关的一整套政治、经济和法律制度,其职能包括个人身份证明、资源和财富配置。我国严格的城乡分割二元户籍制度是计划经济时代的产物,在近半个多世纪里,二元户籍制度逐渐发展完备,但随着经济进步,附加在二元户籍管理制度之上的额外的社会功能过多,人为地进行了“阶级划分”,漏洞百出的二元户籍制度已经被公认为是我国城市化进程的最大障碍。在流动人口激增的今天,陈旧的二元户籍管理制度也限制了人口的自由迁徙,流动人员的子女无法完全享有平等的教育,再加上城乡教育资源不平衡,高考同分不同录现象普遍存在。自由迁徙权是重要的人身自由权之一,是现代法治国家公民的一项基本人权,同时也是近代民主宪政条件下的公民的一项重要宪法权力。公民不应该为了实现自由迁徙而失去任何其他权力,包括接受平等教育的权力,但事实上,陈旧的二元户籍制度已经严重影响到我国的教育公平。本文首先从分析我国户籍制度的理论依据入手,解释了户口利益的概念和分类,分析了户口利益的差异所造成的城乡政治、经济、社会的不平等；其次,从历史变迁的角度,笔者分析了户籍制度的形成时期、巩固时期、过渡时期和变革时期,分别介绍了每个时期的特点与互动状态；再次,分析了当前户籍制度下教育资源分配的不均衡造成的教育不公平以及人口流动障碍造成的教育不公平。最后,笔者梳理了武汉市户籍制度改革的历程,并针对武汉市户籍制度改革中存在的歧视性教育壁垒、社会利益分配不均以及制度设计与教育资源供给错位等问题,提出要通过减少条件性准入户籍壁垒,建立以居住地为基础的户口登记制度,提供多元的教育资源等方式,力求缓解户籍制度造成的教育不公平现象。
[Abstract]:Household registration system refers to a whole set of political, economic and legal systems related to household registration or household registration. Its functions include personal identification, resources and wealth allocation. China's strict urban-rural division of the dual household registration system is the product of the planned economy era, in the last half century, the dual household registration system gradually developed, but with the economic progress, The extra social functions attached to the dual household registration management system are excessive, and the "class division" is carried out artificially. The flawed dual household registration system has been recognized as the biggest obstacle to the process of urbanization in China. At a time when the floating population is surging, the old dual household registration management system has also restricted the free movement of the population, and the children of the floating population cannot fully enjoy equal education, coupled with the imbalance between urban and rural education resources. The phenomenon of the same score and different record in the college entrance examination is widespread. The right to freedom of movement is one of the important rights of personal liberty, a basic human right of citizens in modern countries ruled by law, and also an important constitutional power of citizens under the conditions of modern democratic constitutionalism. Citizens should not lose any other rights in order to realize freedom of movement, including the right to receive equal education, but in fact, the old dual household registration system has seriously affected the educational fairness of our country. This paper begins with the theoretical basis of the household registration system in China, explains the concept and classification of household registration interests, analyzes the political, economic and social inequalities between urban and rural areas caused by the differences in household registration interests, and secondly, from the perspective of historical changes. The author analyzes the forming period of household registration system, the period of consolidation, the period of transition and the period of change, and introduces the characteristics and interactive state of each period respectively. This paper analyzes the educational unfairness caused by the imbalance in the distribution of educational resources under the current household registration system and the educational unfairness caused by the obstacle of population mobility. Finally, the author combs the history of the reform of the household registration system in Wuhan, and aims at the discriminatory educational barriers, the uneven distribution of social benefits and the mismatch between the system design and the supply of educational resources in the reform of the household registration system in Wuhan. In order to alleviate the educational injustice caused by the household registration system, we should reduce the barriers of conditional entry to household registration, establish a residence registration system based on residence, and provide multiple educational resources.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D631.42

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