海洋生物资源保护保全国际法制探析

发布时间：2018-05-04 01:01

本文选题：海洋生物资源 + 保护与保全　；参考：《中国政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 海洋是“生命的摇篮”,对人类具有特殊的价值:整个海洋环境是一个流动的整体,其本身就构成一个统一的生态系统,是全球生命支撑系统“水圈”的主要组成部分,是环境的重要调节器1;更重要的,海洋拥有异常丰富的生物资源、矿产资源、空间资源、化学资源、动力资源和水资源等,被誉为资源的天然宝库。过去,人类认为海洋资源取之不尽、用之不竭,但是随着科技进步、生产力提高,人类利用海洋资源的要求更加强烈2,海洋资源日益锐减,由此造成了一种新的资源问题——海洋资源问题。在此背景下,本文选取海洋资源问题中的海洋生物资源为对象,立足本专业知识,在国内外已有资料和研究成果的基础上,对海洋生物资源保护保全的现行国际法制进行了分析并提出了自己的完善建议,希望借此研究对我国海洋生物资源保护保全的立法与实践有所帮助。本文正文共分四章。第一章是海洋生物资源保护保全概述。这部分首先阐释了几个概念,主要包括海洋、海洋生物资源、海洋生物资源问题和保护保全等;然后,分别介绍了海洋环境法制的历史演变和海洋生物资源保护保全的立法背景;最后,剖析了构建和完善海洋生物资源保护保全法制的必要性。第二章介绍海洋生物资源保护保全的现行国际法制。这部分借鉴《联合国海洋法公约》的海洋划分方法,分别论述了:内海和领海的主权地位及其限制,特别阐述了领海的排他捕鱼权、剩余捕捞权和传统捕鱼权;毗连区和专属经济区内生物资源的权利义务归属和养护利用制度,并专门论述了该区域内特定鱼种的保护保全制度;公海自由、公海生物资源保护保全的一般规定和其他法律规定;大陆架和国际海底区域生物资源的保护保全主要通过国际合作和防治污染;其他区域生物资源的保护保全也主要通过国际合作和规定权利义务。第三章是海洋生物资源保护保全的现行国际法制评析。这章首先从内容和影响上分别阐述了《联合国海洋法公约》对海洋生物资源保护保全的贡献;然后,根据前章的介绍顺序,具体评析了各海域海洋生物资源保护保全法制的不足。第四章提出海洋生物资源保护保全国际法制的完善建议。这些完善建议主要从四个方面考虑:第一是理念完善,既要确立可持续发展的理念基础,又要完善义务本位的法律理念;第二是法律制度完善,既要重构海洋环境保护法制,又要完善辅助机制;第三是实践机制完善,具体表现为完善保护区制度、完善环评机制和完善海洋生物多样性的管理和保护。最后结论部分是对全文观点的总结。指出:必须加强国际合作和交流,重构和完善海洋环境保护法制,加大海洋自然保护区等具体制度的研究、实践和投入,努力建成世界范围内统一的海洋生物资源保护保全法制。
[Abstract]:The ocean is the cradle of life and of special value to mankind: the entire marine environment is a flowing whole, which in itself constitutes a unified ecosystem and a major component of the "water circle", the global life support system. The ocean is an important regulator of the environment. More importantly, the ocean is rich in biological resources, mineral resources, space resources, chemical resources, power resources and water resources, and is known as the natural treasure house of resources. In the past, human beings believed that marine resources were inexhaustible and inexhaustible, but with the progress of science and technology and the improvement of productivity, the demands of human beings for the utilization of marine resources became more and more intense, and the marine resources were declining day by day. As a result, a new kind of resource problem, the ocean resource problem, has been created. In this context, this paper selects marine living resources in marine resources as the object, based on this professional knowledge, on the basis of existing data and research results at home and abroad, This paper analyzes the current international legal system for the protection and preservation of marine living resources and puts forward its own perfect suggestions, hoping that the study will be helpful to the legislation and practice of the conservation of marine living resources in China. This text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the conservation of marine living resources. This part first explains several concepts, mainly including the ocean, marine living resources, marine living resources issues and protection and preservation, etc. The historical evolution of the legal system of marine environment and the legislative background of the protection and preservation of marine living resources are introduced respectively. Finally, the necessity of constructing and perfecting the legal system for the protection and preservation of marine living resources is analyzed. The second chapter introduces the current international legal system for the conservation of marine living resources. This part draws lessons from the maritime division method of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and discusses the sovereign status and limitation of the inner sea and the territorial sea, especially the exclusive fishing right, the residual fishing right and the traditional fishing right in the territorial sea; The regime for the attribution and conservation of the rights and obligations of living resources in the contiguous zone and the exclusive economic zone, and the regime for the protection and preservation of specific species of fish in the region; the freedom of the high seas, General and other legal provisions for the protection and preservation of living resources on the high seas; protection and preservation of biological resources on the continental shelf and in the international seabed area mainly through international cooperation and prevention and control of pollution; Other regional protection and preservation of biological resources are mainly through international cooperation and rights and obligations. The third chapter is the marine living resources protection and preservation of the current international legal evaluation. This chapter begins with a description of the contribution of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to the conservation of living marine resources in terms of content and impact, and then, in accordance with the order of presentation in the previous chapters, The deficiency of the legal system for the protection and preservation of marine living resources in various sea areas is analyzed concretely. The fourth chapter puts forward the suggestion of perfecting the international legal system of marine living resources protection and preservation. These suggestions are mainly considered from four aspects: the first is the perfection of the concept, which should be based on the concept of sustainable development, but also the perfection of the legal concept of the obligation standard, and the second is the perfection of the legal system, which should reconstruct the legal system of marine environmental protection. The third is to perfect the practical mechanism, which is embodied in the improvement of the system of protected areas, the improvement of the environmental assessment mechanism and the management and protection of marine biodiversity. The final conclusion is a summary of the views of the full text. It is pointed out that it is necessary to strengthen international cooperation and exchange, reconstruct and perfect the legal system of marine environmental protection, and increase the research, practice and input of specific systems such as marine nature reserves. Strive to build a unified worldwide marine living resources protection and preservation of the legal system.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D996

【引证文献】