酸法制取磷肥原料加工与生产工艺研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 11:33

本文选题：磷灰石 + 重液　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：磷是生物细胞质的重要组成元素,也是植物生长必不可少的一种元素。世界上84%～90%的磷矿用于生产各种磷肥。磷矿又是重要的化工原料,用于制取纯磷(黄磷、赤磷)和其它化工原料。同时在磷矿物中还能提取稀土元素,独居石和磷钇矿是重要的工业稀土矿物。我国磷矿资源非常丰富,磷矿储量仅次于摩洛哥位于世界第二位,我国同时也是世界上主要的产磷国和消耗国之一。由于长期的磷矿资源无序化开采,使富矿资源日渐枯竭,贫富兼采和尾矿的开发利用将具有重要的现实意义。论文对云南省某地的磷矿擦洗尾矿进行了详细的选矿工艺试验研究,在工艺上进行对比、在药剂制度方面进行了种类及用量试验研究,制定了合理的工艺流程。论文的完成为开发利用云南省磷矿擦洗尾矿资源,提高资源的综合回收利用率奠定了基础。磷矿正浮选药剂通常采用脂肪酸类,通过对其作用于矿物表面的机理研究表明,脂肪酸类捕收剂在磷矿物的表面主要以化学吸附为主,在弱碱性条件下,矿浆中的捕收剂主要以RCOO-和(RCOO) 22-形态存在,RCOO-;和(RCOO) 22-是磷矿浮选中最有效的组分。抑制剂水玻璃在矿浆中主要是以H2SiO3和HSiO3-形态存在,它们优先吸附于石英表面,使石英亲水性增加而得到抑制。通过工艺矿物学分析表明,该矿属于变质岩型磷矿石,主要成分为钙-硅质氟磷灰石。P2O5含量为21.87%,SiO2含量为10.17%。该磷灰石嵌布粒度较粗,主要呈粒状或不规则粒状,颗粒大小一般在0.1mm,最大的可以达到3mm左右。主要的脉石矿物为石英和白云石,石英为粒状,呈分散或充填嵌布形式存在,白云石为浅茶色微粒状,呈集合体形式存在。矿石中还含有极少量的褐铁矿、赤铁矿、方解石和其他矿物。为了更好地提高磷矿资源回收率,论文对该矿样进行了重选和浮选工艺试验的对比研究。重选试验研究表明,采用单一摇床重选工艺指标不理想。当采用重液与螺旋溜槽联合工艺时(+lmm部分进入重液,-1mm部分进入螺旋溜槽),选择三溴甲烷作为重液进行分选,在介质比重在2.9g/cm3时,得到的精矿品位为27.41%,精矿产率为52.26%,总回收率达到了65.41%。浮选试验研究中,通过大量的药剂种类试验研究,找到高效磷矿捕收剂LC3,当采用一粗一扫两次精选的正浮选工艺时,开路工艺流程可获得精矿产率为63.11%,品位为31.12%,回收率为89.89%；在小型闭路工艺试验中可获得精矿品位为28.16%,回收率为96.79%。这为磷矿擦洗后尾矿资源的利用提供了理论依据,同时可为类似矿山资源的开发提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:Phosphorus is an important component of biological cytoplasm and an essential element for plant growth. About 90% of the world's phosphate rock is used to produce all kinds of phosphate fertilizer. Phosphate rock is also an important chemical raw material for the preparation of pure phosphorus (yellow phosphorus, red phosphorus) and other chemical raw materials. At the same time, rare earth elements can be extracted from phosphate minerals. Monazite and yttrium phosphate are important industrial rare earth minerals. China is rich in phosphate rock resources and its reserves are second only to Morocco in the world. China is also one of the major phosphorous producing and consuming countries in the world. Due to long-term disorderly exploitation of phosphate ore resources, rich mineral resources are gradually depleted, and the exploitation and utilization of rich and poor ore and tailings will be of great practical significance. In this paper, a detailed experimental study on the processing technology of phosphate ore scouring tailings in a certain area of Yunnan Province has been carried out, and a comparison has been made in the process, and a reasonable technological process has been worked out in terms of the type and dosage of the reagent system. The completion of this paper lays a foundation for the exploitation and utilization of phosphate ore scrubbing tailings in Yunnan Province and for improving the comprehensive recovery and utilization of resources. Fatty acids are usually used in phosphate rock positive flotation reagents. The mechanism of their action on mineral surface is studied. The results show that the surface of phosphate rock is mainly chemisorbed by fatty acid collector and mainly by chemical adsorption under the condition of weak alkalinity. The collector in pulp mainly exists in the form of RCOO- and RCOO) 22-, and RCOO-22- is the most effective component in the flotation of phosphate ore. The water glass inhibitor mainly exists in the form of H2SiO3 and HSiO _ 3-, which preferentially adsorbs on the surface of quartz, which increases the hydrophilicity of quartz and is inhibited. Process mineralogical analysis shows that the ore belongs to metamorphic rock type phosphate rock, and the main component is calcium siliceous fluoroapatite. The content of P _ 2O _ 5 is 21.87 and the content of Sio _ 2 is 10.17. The size of the apatite inlay is coarse, mainly granular or irregular, the particle size is generally 0.1 mm, and the maximum size can reach about 3mm. The main gangue minerals are quartz and dolomite, quartz is granular and exists in the form of dispersion or filling, dolomite is light brown particulate, and it exists in aggregate form. Ores also contain very small amounts of limonite, hematite, calcite and other minerals. In order to improve the recovery rate of phosphate ore, a comparative study on gravity separation and flotation process was carried out in this paper. The gravity separation test results show that the single rocker gravity separation process is not ideal. When the combined process of heavy liquid and spiral chute is adopted (lmm part enters the heavy liquid of 1 mm part into the spiral chute), the methane tribromate is selected as the heavy liquid to separate, when the specific gravity of the medium is in 2.9g/cm3, The concentrate grade is 27.41%, the concentrate yield is 52.26 and the total recovery is 65.41%. In the research of flotation test, through a large number of kinds of reagent test, the high efficiency phosphate collector LC3 was found, when the positive flotation process of one coarse and one sweep twice cleaning was used, The yield of concentrate is 63.11, the grade is 31.12, the recovery is 89.89, and the grade of concentrate is 28.166.The recovery is 96.79. This provides a theoretical basis for the utilization of tailings resources after phosphate ore scrubbing, and can be used for reference for the exploitation of similar mine resources at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TQ442

【参考文献】