铝热法制备硼、钒、锆材料的研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 15:39

本文选题：铝热法 + 硼　；参考：《兰州理工大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文综述了纯硼、纯钒、纯锆的性能与应用、制备方法、研究进展。通过实验研究了不同工艺对铝热反应熔化法制备纯硼、纯钒、纯锆纯度和收得率的影响规律。总结起来可归纳为以下几条: 1.在铝热法制备纯硼的试验中,发热剂氯酸钾的添加能够有效的提高纯硼中硼的含量,在氯酸钾添加量为10wt.%时,纯硼中硼的质量分数最低为36.36%,在氯酸钾添加量为25 wt.%时,纯硼中硼的质量分数最高为94.38%,纯硼中硼的质量分数随着氯酸钾添加量的增多而增加。在氯酸钾添加量超过15 wt.%后,纯硼中硼的质量分数增加速率逐渐变缓。在氯酸钾添加量为20 wt.%的情况下,当反应物配比中铝欠量2 wt.%的时,纯硼中硼的的质量分数最高为95.08%,此时纯硼中铝的质量分数最低为4.92%。配比中铝的过量降低纯硼中硼的纯度。在氯酸钾添加量为20 wt.%,反应物配比铝欠量2 wt.%的情况下,铝热法制备纯硼拥有较高的纯度和较低的生产成本。 2.在铝热反应熔化法制备纯钒的试验中,制备的纯钒中钒的质量分数最高为98.45%,最低为87.17%,在铝欠量5 wt.%的时候,钒的质量分数最高,纯钒中铝的质量分数最高为12.83%,最低为1.55%,在铝欠量5 wt.%的时候,铝的质量分数最低,在铝过量15 wt.%的时候,铝的质量分数最高。在铝欠量10 wt.%时,钒的收得率最低为74.1%,随反应物中铝含量的增加,钒的收得率增加,在铝过量15 wt.%时收得率达到最大值92.4%。纯钒的布氏硬度在铝欠量5 wt.%的时候最小,布氏硬度随着试样中铝的含量增加而增加,在反应物配比铝过量15 wt.%时有最大值。布氏硬度的变化随钒的纯度而变化。在反应物配比铝欠量5 wt.%时,制备的纯钒不仅拥有较高的钒含量,而且具有较高的收得率,具有较好的经济效益。 3.在铝热法制备纯锆的试验中,在氯酸钾添加量为20 wt.%的情况下,当反应物配比中铝欠量5 wt.%时,制备的纯锆中锆的质量分数最高为58.88%,在反应物配比中铝过量10 wt.%时锆的质量分数最低为51.21%。纯锆中铝的质量分数随着反应物配比中铝的增加而增加,在铝欠量10 wt.%的时候,纯锆中铝的质量分数最低为39.33%,在铝过量10%的时候,纯锆中铝的质量分数最高为43.94%。纯锆中氧的质量分数在铝欠量5 wt.%时最低为0.52%,在铝过量5 wt.%时,纯锆中氧的质量分数最高为5.99%。在铝欠量10 wt.%时,锆的收得率最低为22.4%,锆的收得率随反应物配比中铝含量的增加而增加,在铝过量10 wt.%时达到最大值25.3%。在本试验条件下,纯锆中锆的质量分数和收得率偏低,工艺还需完善。
[Abstract]:The properties, applications, preparation methods and research progress of pure boron, vanadium and zirconium were reviewed in this paper. The effects of different processes on the purity and yield of boron, vanadium and zirconium were studied. These can be summarized as follows: 1. In the experiment of preparing pure boron by aluminothermic method, the addition of heating agent potassium chlorate can effectively increase the content of boron in pure boron. When the amount of potassium chlorate is 10 wt.%, the lowest content of boron in pure boron is 36.36%, and the content of boron in pure boron is 25 wt.%. The content of boron in pure boron is 94.38%, and the content of boron in pure boron increases with the addition of potassium chlorate. When the amount of potassium chlorate was more than 15 wt.%, the increasing rate of boron content in pure boron gradually slowed down. When the amount of potassium chlorate was 20 wt.%, the content of boron in pure boron was 95.08 when the amount of aluminum in reactant was 2 wt.%, and the lowest mass fraction of aluminum in pure boron was 4.92%. The purity of boron in pure boron is reduced by excess of aluminum in the proportion. When the amount of potassium chlorate is 20 wt. and the amount of aluminum in the reactant is 2 wt.%, the preparation of pure boron by aluminothermic method has higher purity and lower production cost. 2. In the experiment of preparing pure vanadium by hydrothermal reaction melting method, the content of vanadium in the prepared pure vanadium is 98.45%, the lowest is 87.17%, and the vanadium mass fraction is the highest when the amount of aluminum is 5 wt.%. The highest mass fraction of aluminum in pure vanadium is 12.83 and the lowest is 1.55. When the amount of aluminum is less than 5 wt.%, the mass fraction of aluminum is the lowest, and when the excess of aluminum is 15 wt.%, the mass fraction of aluminum is the highest. The lowest yield of vanadium was 74.1 when the amount of aluminum was 10 wt.%. With the increase of aluminum content in reactants, the yield of vanadium increased, and the recovery rate of vanadium reached the maximum value of 92.4 at 15 wt.% aluminum overdose. The Brinell hardness of pure vanadium is the smallest when the amount of aluminum is less than 5 wt.%, and the Brinell hardness increases with the increase of aluminum content in the sample, and has the maximum value when the reactant ratio is 15 wt.%. The change of Brinell hardness varies with the purity of vanadium. The prepared pure vanadium not only has higher vanadium content, but also has higher yield and better economic benefit when the amount of aluminum in the reactant is less than 5 wt.%. 3. In the experiment of preparing pure zirconium by aluminothermic method, when the amount of potassium chlorate was 20 wt.%, when the amount of aluminum in the reactant was less than 5 wt.%, The content of zirconium in the prepared pure zirconium is 58.88 and the lowest mass fraction of zirconium is 51.21 when the amount of aluminum in the reactant is 10 wt.%. The mass fraction of aluminum in pure zirconium increases with the increase of the ratio of reactants. The lowest mass fraction of aluminum in pure zirconium is 39.33 when the amount of aluminum is less than 10 wt.%, and the highest mass fraction of aluminum in pure zirconium is 43.94 when the excess of aluminum is 10%. The mass fraction of oxygen in pure zirconium is 0.52when the amount of aluminum is less than 5 wt.%, and the highest mass fraction of oxygen in pure zirconium is 5.99wt% when aluminum overdose is 5wt.%. The yield of zirconium increased with the increase of aluminum content in the reactant proportion, and reached the maximum value of 25.3g when the aluminum content was 10 wt.% over 10 wt.% of aluminum content, the lowest yield of zirconium was 22.4wt%, and the yield of zirconium increased with the increase of aluminum content in reactants. Under the experimental conditions, the mass fraction and yield of zirconium in pure zirconium are low, and the process needs to be improved.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：O611.3

【引证文献】