树脂催化废食用油两步法制备生物柴油试验研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 21:53

  本文选题：生物柴油 + 树脂　； 参考：《河南农业大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的快速发展,能源短缺与环境污染问题日益严重,生物柴油作为一种可再生替代能源引起了世界范围内的广泛关注。利用高酸价的废食用油作为生物柴油的原料,能够降低其成本,提高生物柴油的市场竞争力。目前,废食用油制取生物柴油的生产均采用均相法,催化剂用量大,反应时间长,酯交换率低。本文以高酸价废食用油为原料,利用两步法制取生物柴油:首先选取SXC-9、D002、D061、D072四种离子交换树脂作为固体催化剂,间歇和连续催化废食用油和甲醇酯化反应,催化其中的游离脂肪酸制取生物柴油;然后对剩余的甘油三酸酯利用碱进行催化,以彻底催化废食用油制备生物柴油,实验得到的主要研究结论如下: (1)通过单因素试验,比较SXC-9、D002、D061、D072阳离子交换树脂对废食用油和甲醇酯化反应的催化效果,发现SXC-9具有最佳催化效果,工艺条件为:反应温度65℃,醇油摩尔比12:1,催化剂用量为30%,反应时间为9h,在此条件下进行酯化试验,酯化率达到90.24%。 (2)在单根反应器中利用SXC-9进行连续酯化反应,连续酯化反应的最佳工艺条件为:反应液体积流量0.2ml/min,催化剂填充密度0.5g/ml,醇油比18:1,在此条件下,高酸价废食用油酯化率达到80.26%;利用两根串联的反应器进行连续酯化反应,酯化率提高到93.89%。 (3)对催化剂重复使用寿命及再生使用性能进行试验,发现树脂连续使用100小时后,酯化率下降至50%;但再生后,树脂的催化效果达到初始催化效果的95%,树脂再生后仍能保持一定催化活性。 (4)直接利用高酸价废食用油与甲醇酯交换反应,以硫酸做催化剂,催化剂用量为4%,醇油比30:1,反应温度70℃,反应时间6h,酯交换率为87.24%,废食用油制取生物柴油的转化率为78.52%;经酯化后的废食用油以KOH为催化剂,催化剂用量为1%,醇油比6:1,反应温度65℃,反应时间1h,酯交换率为95.48%,两步法催化废食用油制取生物柴油的总酯交换率89.65%,总转化率为80.68%。 (5)通过技术经济分析,发现以高酸价废食用油为原料时,采用预酯化后碱催化两步法生产生物柴油的工艺优于酸催化工艺,具有产物易分离、废液排放量小、反应时间短、部分催化剂能够重复利用等优点。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, the problem of energy shortage and environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. Biodiesel, as a renewable alternative energy, has attracted worldwide attention. Using waste cooking oil with high acid value as raw material of biodiesel can reduce its cost and improve the market competitiveness of biodiesel. At present, biodiesel from waste cooking oil is produced by homogeneous method, with large amount of catalyst, long reaction time and low transesterification rate. Biodiesel was prepared from waste edible oil with high acid value by two-step method. Firstly, four kinds of ion exchange resins (SXC-9D002D061D072) were selected as solid catalysts to catalyze the esterification of waste cooking oil with methanol. The remaining triglycerides are then used to catalyze the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the catalytic effect of SXC-9D002D061D072 cationic exchange resin on esterification of waste cooking oil with methanol was compared by single factor experiment. It was found that SXC-9 had the best catalytic effect. The reaction conditions were as follows: reaction temperature 65 鈩，

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