“汽车限购”政策的法律分析

发布时间：2018-07-14 21:13

【摘要】：近几年来我国私家汽车保有量大幅提升,与此同时,我国各大城市严峻地交通拥堵和环境污染问题也愈演愈烈。根据各相关城市的政府官方回应,为了缓解当前城市交通拥堵压力,也为了改善城市日益恶化的环境质量,保障人民公共生活环境的正常有序,我国北京、上海、广州、天津等城市先后陆续推出了城市“汽车限购”政策。“汽车限购”政策作为政府抽象行政行为的一种体现,应当符合行政合法性原则及行政合理性原则。行政合法性原则要求行政主体应当获得法律的授权,实施行政行为应以法律为依据。通过对“汽车限购”政策的分析可知,“汽车限购”政策在公民权利维护等方面与宪法及其他法律存在冲突,也有违人权保障的宪法原则及比例原则的要求。如何保证公共政策的有用性,相关行政机关必须在公共决策前对其实施效果进行合理预期,并通过广泛征求民意的方式获得其正当性基础。以深圳市、杭州市等市出台的“汽车限购令”为例,其法令的制定与实施过程存在着不尊重民意、无视法律权威的情况,政策付诸实施的结果导致了种种负面的社会效应。鉴于此,要转变这种现状,要使公共治理走向良善,只有不断建立和完善违宪审查和违法监督等机制。宪法存在的根本目的在于维护人民的基本权利和平等自由,而良善的法治恰是人权得以实现的根本保障。“汽车限购”政策的法令效力级别过于低,而且与诸多的上位法律相背离,不仅如此,有些规定根本就不是基于任何法律的授权而制定的,所有这些都违背了社会主义法治社会建设的基本要求。化解“汽车限购”政策的合法性困境,首先应明确其上位法依据,严格依照法律规定制定政策;其次应遵照人权保障与比例原则,实现私权与公权的协调与均衡;最后应尊重广大民众的参与权利,使政府的公共政策更加民主、科学。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the number of private cars in our country has been greatly increased. At the same time, the traffic congestion and environmental pollution in the major cities of our country are becoming more and more serious. According to the official response of the governments of the relevant cities, in order to alleviate the current pressure of urban traffic congestion, and also to improve the deteriorating environmental quality of the cities, and to ensure the normal and orderly public living environment of the people, China's Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin and other cities have introduced the city "car purchase restrictions" policy. As an embodiment of the government's abstract administrative behavior, the policy of "automobile purchase restriction" should conform to the principle of administrative legality and administrative rationality. The principle of administrative legality requires that the administrative subject should be authorized by law, and the execution of administrative act should be based on the law. Through the analysis of the policy of "limited purchase of automobile", it can be seen that the policy of "limited purchase of automobile" conflicts with the Constitution and other laws in respect of the protection of civil rights, and also violates the requirements of the constitutional principle of human rights protection and the principle of proportionality. How to ensure the usefulness of public policy, the relevant administrative organs must make reasonable expectation of its implementation effect before the public decision, and obtain its legitimate foundation by the way of extensively soliciting the public opinion. Taking the "automobile purchase restriction order" issued by Shenzhen and Hangzhou as an example, there is a lack of respect for public opinion and disregard of the legal authority in the process of making and implementing the law. The implementation of the policy has resulted in various negative social effects. In view of this, if we want to change the present situation and make public governance good, we must constantly establish and perfect the mechanism of unconstitutional review and illegal supervision. The fundamental purpose of the constitution is to safeguard the people's basic rights and equal freedoms, and the good rule of law is the fundamental guarantee for the realization of human rights. The "car purchase restriction" policy is too weak and deviates from many superior laws, some of which are not based at all on the authority of any law. All this goes against the basic requirements of building a socialist society ruled by law. To resolve the legitimacy dilemma of the policy of "automobile purchase restriction", first of all, we should make clear the upper legal basis and formulate policies strictly in accordance with the law; secondly, we should abide by the principle of human rights protection and proportion, and realize the coordination and balance between private rights and public rights. Finally, we should respect the people's right of participation and make the government's public policy more democratic and scientific.
【学位授予单位】：广东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.1

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