论毛泽东民主政治思想与新时期政治体制改革

发布时间：2018-08-02 11:39

【摘要】：民主,作为一种有赖于政治家和哲学家加以理论化的价值和理想。政治民主,作为各国政治发展的目标,一直有赖于人民在实践中加以采纳和施行的制度设计。作为中华人民共和国的领袖,毛泽东一生都在致力于人民民主事业。毛泽东的民主政治思想在毛泽东的全部思想中占有非常突出的地位。他始终坚持把马克思列宁主义的基本原理同中国革命实践相结合,创造性地解决了适合中国革命实际的“争得民主”的新道路,在革命年代积累了根据地民主政权建设的经验,开创了人民民主专政理论。新中国成立后,成立了人民民主专政的共和国,建立了人民代表大会制度,共产党领导的多党合作政治协商制度。在少数民族聚居地实行民族区域自治制度。初步展现了社会主义民主政治的优越性。当然,在毛泽东晚年时期,由于对我国政治形势的认识出现了偏差,导致他在民主问题上出现了失误。历史往往是错综复杂的,对毛泽东的认识也不能简单化。本文从尊重历史出发,追溯毛泽东民主政治问题上的认识、发展、变化的思想轨迹,客观评价毛泽东的功过。通过对毛泽东的民主政治思想史的考察,即人民民主专政理论发展的基本线索：民众共和国——工农民主共和国——人民共和国——民主共和国——新民主主义共和国——人民民主专政——人民民主专政民主化、法制化、制度化的建设,从这样一个逻辑顺序的演进,来重构人民民主思想的逻辑脉络。并运用历史唯物主义,深刻把握其中关于人民民主、基层民主、民主集中制、协商民主的思想精华,为我国新时期政治体制改革提供理论背景与思想境界,对于我们正视中国现实、正确理解中国特色社会主义的民主政治思想,进一步深化政治体制改革,努力建设有中国特色的社会主义民主政治,将具有非常重要的理论和现实意义。
[Abstract]:Democracy, as a value and ideal that depends on the theorization of politicians and philosophers. Political democracy, as the goal of national political development, always depends on the system design adopted and implemented by the people in practice. As the leader of the people's Republic of China, Mao Zedong devoted his life to the cause of people's democracy. Mao Zedong's democratic political thought occupies a very prominent position in all the thoughts of Mao Zedong. He always insisted on combining the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism with the practice of the Chinese revolution, creatively solved the new road of "striving for democracy" suited to the reality of the Chinese revolution, and accumulated experience in building democratic regimes in the base areas during the revolutionary period. Founded the theory of people's democratic dictatorship. After the founding of New China, the people's Democratic dictatorship was established, the people's Congress system and the multi-party cooperative political consultation system led by the Communist Party. The system of regional national autonomy shall be implemented in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities. The superiority of socialist democratic politics has been preliminarily demonstrated. Of course, in Mao Zedong's later years, he made mistakes in democracy because of the deviation of his understanding of the political situation in our country. History is often complicated, and the understanding of Mao Zedong cannot be simplified. Starting from respecting history, this paper traces the ideological track of understanding, development and change of Mao Zedong democratic politics, and evaluates objectively the merits and demerits of Mao Zedong. Through the investigation of Mao Zedong's history of democratic political thought, That is, the basic clue of the development of the theory of people's democratic dictatorship: the Democratic Republic of the people's Republic-the Democratic Republic of Workers and Peasants-the people's Republic-the New Democratic Republic-the democratization of the people's Democratic dictatorship, The construction of legalization and institutionalization reconstructs the logical thread of people's democratic thought from the evolution of such a logical sequence. And use historical materialism, deeply grasp the ideological essence of people's democracy, grass-roots democracy, democratic centralism and consultative democracy, and provide the theoretical background and ideological realm for the political system reform of our country in the new period. For us to face up to the reality of China, correctly understand the democratic political ideology of socialism with Chinese characteristics, further deepen the reform of the political system, and strive to build socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, Will have very important theoretical and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：A841;D621

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