论我国行政权的法制监督

发布时间：2018-09-19 15:52

【摘要】：在我国,行政机关行使行政权涉及政治、经济、文化、卫生、科技等社会领域。与此同时,行政机关行使行政权是为了履行保障公民的人身、民主及其他权利,保护合法财产,维护社会秩序等职责。然而,正如孟德斯鸠在《论法的精神》所说过的那样：“一切有权力的人都容易滥用权力,这是万古不易的一条经验,有权力的人们使用权力一直遇到有界限的地方才休止。”孟德斯鸠的这句话体现了为了遏止滥用权力,必须有健全的约束机制来监督权力行使的思想。在我国现实社会生活中,行政权监督机制的不完善,这也导致了我国经常出现行政权滥用情况。因此,为了满足公民日益增长的需要和促进社会的公平,应对我国日益复杂的社会矛盾和问题,并适应节奏日益加快的社会环境,对行政权加以有效地监督就显得尤为必要。如何监督行政权的合法行使成为法学界等社会各界研究、探讨的重要课题。全文主要从五个部分来论述行政权的法制监督问题。第一部分是绪论。主要包括国内外研究现状述评、选题的理论意义和现实意义、研究思路和研究方法、研究的重点和难点等。第二部分主要阐述我国行政权滥用的表现和原因。首先介绍了行政权的概念、内容、特征,其次简要概述了行政权滥用的表现,最后,分析了我国行政权滥用的原因。宽泛的行政裁量权和控制、监督行政权乏力是导致我国行政权易于滥用的两大方面原因。第三部分论述我国行政权法制监督的依据和概况。首先分析了行政权需要受到有效监督的理论依据和现实需要。为了遏止滥用权力,必须制约权力,也就是说要有一套健全的制约、监督的制度来规范权力的行使。行政权几乎涉及到社会生活的各个领域,行使的频率最高,和公民、法人等有着密切的联系。此外,任何国家的权力行使都会产生社会效果,而在国家权力中行政权产生的社会效果最为突出。所以这些就要求我们更有必要对行政权进行监督。然后论述我国监督行政权体系的制度构建。在我国,对行政权进行的监督体系概括为外部监督和内部监督。外部监督主要有人大以及人大常委会的监督、人民法院的监督、社会(主要包括人民群众及新闻媒体)监督。行政权的内部监督分为一般监督和专门监督。一般监督主要指上下级行政机关的监督,也就是上级行政机关基于行政隶属关系对下级行政机关所实施的监督,包括备案审查制度、报告工作制度、执法监督检查制度、相关事项审批制度等；专门监督则包括审计监督、行政监察和行政复议。第四部分对如何完善我国行政权法制监督体系进行了思考。思考主要是从分析我国行政权监督体系存在的问题入手,然后再针对性地提出相应的对策。第五部分主要论述我国行政程序制度的构建和完善。本部分先分析了构建和完善行政程序制度的必要性及重要性。然后着重地论述了行政程序制度两大核心制度—行政公开制度和行政听证制度的构建及完善。
[Abstract]:At the same time, the administrative organs exercise administrative power in order to fulfill their duties of protecting citizens'personal, democratic and other rights, protecting legitimate property and maintaining social order. However, as Montesquieu said in the Spirit of the Law It is an eternal and difficult experience that all people with power are prone to abuse their power, and that the use of power by people with power never ceases until they encounter boundaries. In life, the imperfect supervision mechanism of administrative power has also led to the frequent abuse of administrative power in China.
Therefore, in order to meet the growing needs of citizens and promote social equity, to cope with China's increasingly complex social contradictions and problems, and to adapt to the accelerating pace of social environment, it is particularly necessary to effectively supervise the executive power. This paper mainly discusses the legal supervision of administrative power from five parts.
The first part is the introduction, mainly including the review of domestic and foreign research status, the theoretical and practical significance of the topic, research ideas and methods, research focus and difficulties.
The second part mainly elaborates the manifestations and causes of abuse of administrative power in China. First, it introduces the concept, content and characteristics of administrative power. Secondly, it briefly summarizes the manifestations of abuse of administrative power. Finally, it analyzes the causes of abuse of administrative power in China. Two main reasons.
The third part discusses the basis and general situation of the legal supervision of administrative power in our country.Firstly, it analyzes the theoretical basis and practical needs of the effective supervision of administrative power.In order to curb the abuse of power, we must restrict power, that is to say, we must have a sound system of supervision to regulate the exercise of power. In addition, the exercise of power in any country will produce social effects, and in the state power, the social effects produced by the administrative power are the most prominent. Therefore, these require us to supervise the executive power more necessary. Then discuss the supervision of the executive power in our country. Institutional construction of the regime system. In China, the supervision system of the executive power is summarized as external supervision and internal supervision. The external supervision mainly includes the supervision of the NPC and the Standing Committee of the NPC, the supervision of the people's court and the supervision of the society (mainly including the people and the media). The internal supervision of the executive power is divided into general supervision and special supervision. General supervision mainly refers to the supervision of higher and lower administrative organs, i.e. the supervision of lower administrative organs by higher administrative organs on the basis of administrative subordinate relations, including the filing review system, the reporting work system, the law enforcement supervision and inspection system, the examination and approval system of related matters, etc. Specialized supervision includes audit supervision, administrative supervision and administration. Reconsideration.
The fourth part ponders on how to perfect the legal supervision system of administrative power in China. The thinking mainly starts with the analysis of the problems existing in the supervision system of administrative power in China, and then puts forward corresponding countermeasures.
The fifth part mainly discusses the construction and perfection of our country's administrative procedure system.This part first analyzes the necessity and importance of constructing and perfecting the administrative procedure system.Then it emphatically discusses the construction and perfection of the two core systems of the administrative procedure system-the administrative open system and the administrative hearing system.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.1

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