商议民主视野下的公共决策机制研究
发布时间：2018-11-16 11:28
【摘要】： 随着中国政治民主化进程的加快,公众的民主意识、政治参与意识越来越强烈,民主化的时代已经来临,而我国现有的公共决策机制却不能适应现代民主社会的需求。现有的公共决策仍然被政治精英们把握和垄断,公共决策作用的客体——公众却因为无专业知识、无技能和缺乏效率等借口而被排除在外。这种垄断式的公共决策模式越来越遭到质疑,其决策结果的合法性也越来越脆弱。近年以来,接连发生的贵州瓮安、云南孟连等群体性事件则更加以血的代价给我们敲响了警钟：如果再藐视公共决策过程中的公众参与,如果再把公共决策当作政治精英的事,那么公共决策的合法性将越来越脆弱,甚至将动摇当权者的统治基础。 20世纪后期兴起于西方的商议民主理论则给我们提供了一种新的认知视角。商议民主理论被视为传统民主范式的复兴,其以公共参与和平等商议为基本价值诉求,强调参与主体对于公共利益的责任,促进政治话语的相互理解。商议民主理论的“商议”“民主”“平等”“公开”等核心理念正好与公共决策中“公众必须能够公开平等地参与决策”、“在公共决策中公众必须有与政府商议的权力”、“公众必须能够实质性地影响公共决策”等价值取向相吻合,本文正是以此为基点,借助商议民主理论的基本理念和观点,以中国基层民主实践经验的典型代表——“泽国实验”为观照对象,从公共事务决策参与的角度契入,采用理论阐释与个案分析相结合的研究方式,在理论与实践的相互参照下,尝试性地构建出一种商议民主式的公共决策机制,这是本文的写作重点。 本文的写作目的就是要构建出这样一种商议民主式的公共决策机制,并使得这一机制具有现实的实践价值,以便能对当今中国的公共决策实践起到指导作用。在本文最后,笔者又分析了这种商议民主式公共决策机制可能遭遇的现实困境,并尝试性地对商议民主式公共决策机制提出了优化方案。笔者寄希望于这种得到优化的完善的商议民主式公共决策机制在能够增强基层政府公共决策的民主性和科学性、削减基层政府公共决策合法性危机的同时,进而能够促使中国权威政治结构的变迁,加快中国的政治民主化进程,让人民真正实现当家做主的权力。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of political democratization in China, the democratic consciousness of the public and the consciousness of political participation are becoming stronger and stronger. The era of democratization has come, but the existing public decision-making mechanism in China cannot meet the needs of the modern democratic society. The existing public decision-making is still held and monopolized by the political elite, but the public is excluded because of lack of expertise, skills and efficiency. This monopolistic public decision-making model is being questioned more and more, and the legitimacy of its decision-making results is becoming more and more fragile. In recent years, the successive group incidents in Weng'an, Guizhou, and Menglian, Yunnan, have even sounded the alarm at the price of blood: if public participation in the process of public decision-making is again disdained, and public decision-making is again regarded as a matter of political elite, Then the legitimacy of public decision-making will become more and more fragile, and will even shake the ruling basis of those in power. The western theory of deliberative democracy in the late 20 th century provides us with a new cognitive perspective. The theory of deliberative democracy is regarded as the revival of the traditional democratic paradigm, which takes public participation and equal negotiation as the basic value demands, emphasizes the responsibility of the participants to the public interest and promotes the mutual understanding of the political discourse. The core concepts of the theory of deliberative democracy, such as "consultation", "democracy", "equality," openness ", and so on, coincide with the fact that" the public must be able to participate openly and equally in decision-making "and" the public must have the power to negotiate with the government in public decision-making. " The value orientation such as "the public must be able to influence public decision-making substantially" is consistent. This paper is based on the basic ideas and viewpoints of deliberative democratic theory. Taking the typical representative of China's grass-roots democratic practice experience, "the experiment of the State" as the observation object, from the angle of participation in decision-making of public affairs, the author adopts the research method of combining theoretical interpretation with case analysis. Under the cross-reference of theory and practice, this paper tries to construct a kind of deliberative democratic public decision-making mechanism, which is the focus of this paper. The purpose of this paper is to construct such a deliberative democratic public decision-making mechanism, and to make this mechanism have practical value, so as to guide the public decision-making practice in China today. At the end of this paper, the author analyzes the practical dilemma that this kind of deliberative democratic public decision-making mechanism may encounter, and tries to put forward the optimization scheme for the deliberative democratic public decision-making mechanism. The author hopes that this kind of optimized and perfect deliberative democratic public decision-making mechanism can enhance the democracy and scientific nature of the public decision-making of grass-roots government and reduce the crisis of legitimacy of public decision-making of grass-roots government at the same time. Then it can promote the change of Chinese authoritative political structure, speed up the process of political democratization in China, and let the people truly realize the power of being the master of their own country.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D630
本文编号：2335392
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of political democratization in China, the democratic consciousness of the public and the consciousness of political participation are becoming stronger and stronger. The era of democratization has come, but the existing public decision-making mechanism in China cannot meet the needs of the modern democratic society. The existing public decision-making is still held and monopolized by the political elite, but the public is excluded because of lack of expertise, skills and efficiency. This monopolistic public decision-making model is being questioned more and more, and the legitimacy of its decision-making results is becoming more and more fragile. In recent years, the successive group incidents in Weng'an, Guizhou, and Menglian, Yunnan, have even sounded the alarm at the price of blood: if public participation in the process of public decision-making is again disdained, and public decision-making is again regarded as a matter of political elite, Then the legitimacy of public decision-making will become more and more fragile, and will even shake the ruling basis of those in power. The western theory of deliberative democracy in the late 20 th century provides us with a new cognitive perspective. The theory of deliberative democracy is regarded as the revival of the traditional democratic paradigm, which takes public participation and equal negotiation as the basic value demands, emphasizes the responsibility of the participants to the public interest and promotes the mutual understanding of the political discourse. The core concepts of the theory of deliberative democracy, such as "consultation", "democracy", "equality," openness ", and so on, coincide with the fact that" the public must be able to participate openly and equally in decision-making "and" the public must have the power to negotiate with the government in public decision-making. " The value orientation such as "the public must be able to influence public decision-making substantially" is consistent. This paper is based on the basic ideas and viewpoints of deliberative democratic theory. Taking the typical representative of China's grass-roots democratic practice experience, "the experiment of the State" as the observation object, from the angle of participation in decision-making of public affairs, the author adopts the research method of combining theoretical interpretation with case analysis. Under the cross-reference of theory and practice, this paper tries to construct a kind of deliberative democratic public decision-making mechanism, which is the focus of this paper. The purpose of this paper is to construct such a deliberative democratic public decision-making mechanism, and to make this mechanism have practical value, so as to guide the public decision-making practice in China today. At the end of this paper, the author analyzes the practical dilemma that this kind of deliberative democratic public decision-making mechanism may encounter, and tries to put forward the optimization scheme for the deliberative democratic public decision-making mechanism. The author hopes that this kind of optimized and perfect deliberative democratic public decision-making mechanism can enhance the democracy and scientific nature of the public decision-making of grass-roots government and reduce the crisis of legitimacy of public decision-making of grass-roots government at the same time. Then it can promote the change of Chinese authoritative political structure, speed up the process of political democratization in China, and let the people truly realize the power of being the master of their own country.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D630
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