中央与地方立法事权划分的理念、标准与中国实践——兼析我国央地立法事权法治化的基本思路

发布时间：2018-12-08 21:24

【摘要】：依据国家主义与契约主义两种不同理念,各国央地立法事权划分大致可以归纳为"行政分工型"与"法定分权型"两种模式。按照立法调整事务的性质或属性、重要程度、影响范围以及调整方法四个基本标准,以及"二分法"、"三分法"和"四分法",可以对中央专属立法事项、地方专属立法事项以及中央地方共同立法事项的范围进行界定。作为世界上最大的单一制国家,我国在纵向立法事权的划分标准、方法与内容构成上有自己独特的制度安排,也面临一些特殊问题。推进我国央地立法事权规范化、法治化改革,必须实现央地立法职责划分从行政化向法治化、从政策主导向法律主导转变;需要明确以立法调整事务的"影响范围"或"外部性程度"作为划分的基本标准,还要建立央地立法事权划分的适时变动与动态调整机制、充分发挥司法的间接微调功能。
[Abstract]:According to the two different concepts of nationalism and contractualism, the division of legislative authority in central regions of various countries can be classified into two modes: "administrative division of labor" and "statutory separation of powers". According to the nature or attribute, the degree of importance, the scope of influence, and the adjustment method of the legislative adjustment, as well as the "dichotomy", "three-point law" and "four-part law", the central authorities may have exclusive legislative matters. The scope of local exclusive legislative matters and central and local common legislative matters shall be defined. As the largest single system country in the world, our country has its own unique system arrangement in the division standard, method and content of the vertical legislative power, and also faces some special problems. In order to promote the standardization of the legislative authority and the reform of the rule of law in the central region of China, the division of the legislative duties of the central government must be changed from administrative to legal, from policy leading to legal leading; It is necessary to take the "scope of influence" or "degree of externality" of the legislative adjustment affairs as the basic criterion for the division, and to establish the timely change and dynamic adjustment mechanism of the division of the central and local legislative authority, so as to give full play to the function of indirect fine adjustment of the judiciary.
【作者单位】：中共中央党校政法部;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中国的立法体制研究”(项目批准号:15JZD006)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D920.0

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