静电纺丝法制备多元氧化物纤维

发布时间：2019-01-26 14:22

【摘要】： 静电纺丝技术是人们目前竞相研究的热门课题,自2002年以来,关于静电纺丝方法制备无机氧化物纤维的报道及成果也日益增多,然而关于静电纺丝法制备多元氧化物纤维的研究却相对较少。本文通过溶胶-凝胶方法和静电纺丝法制备了PZT铁电纤维、TiO_2/ZnO半导体复合纤维和YIG磁光纤维,探讨静电纺丝方法在多元氧化物纤维制备中的应用。 首先,本文系统研究了制备复合氧化物半导体微纳米纤维时,静电纺丝技术中各种影响因素如有机物浓度、流体流动速度、电压和极点与极板间距离等因素对纤维直径和形貌的影响。研究发现,电压、流动速率的增大,都会导致直径变粗,极点和极板间的距离的增大则导致直径变细;同时,PVP的浓度的变化也会对纤维形貌产生影响。 本文以高聚物(PVP)和无机盐为原料,利用溶胶凝胶结合静电纺丝法制备了高聚物/无机盐复合纤维,将此纤维进行热处理获得了PZT纤维、TiO_2-ZnO复合纤维和YIG纤维。采用差热分析,扫描电镜,X射线衍射,电滞回线等分析手段对纤维进行了表征。 探讨了热处理温度的变化以及制备过程中Zr/Ti比例的变化对纤维性能的影响。实验结果表明,与热处理前相比较,热处理后纤维直径变小,长度变短,表面出现空洞而粗糙:随热处理温度的升高,纤维直径变小,纤维变短;700℃时,结晶完成,形成典型的钙钛矿结构;对PZT(52/48)纤维而言,热处理温度为600℃时,纤维铁电性能最好;对不同成分(Zr/Ti比例)的PZT纤维而言,准同型晶界附近的PZT(52/48)纤维的铁电性能最好。 探讨了Ti/Zn比例的变化对纤维性能的影响。实验结果表明,与热处理前相比较,热处理后,纤维直径变小,长度变短,表面出现空洞而粗糙;对TiO_2纤维而言,主要是锐钛矿,并存在少量金红石相,ZnO为典型的六方纤锌矿结构,当TiO_2:ZnO为1:1或3:1时,形成部分Zn_2TiO_3。 探讨了热处理温度的变化对纤维性能的影响。与热处理前相比较,热处理后纤维直径变小,长度变短,表面出现空洞而粗糙;随热处理温度的升高,纤维直径变小,纤维变短;800℃,结晶完成,形成典型的石榴石结构,并存在少量的YIP和Fe_2O_3。 实验结果表明,静电纺丝法为多元氧化物纤维的制备提供了一条崭新的途径。
[Abstract]:Electrostatic spinning technology has been a hot topic in recent years. Since 2002, there have been more and more reports and achievements on the preparation of inorganic oxide fibers by electrostatic spinning. However, there are few studies on the preparation of polyoxide fibers by electrostatic spinning. In this paper, PZT ferroelectric fiber, TiO_2/ZnO semiconductor composite fiber and YIG magneto-optic fiber were prepared by sol-gel method and electrostatic spinning method. The application of electrostatic spinning method in the preparation of polyoxide fiber was discussed. Firstly, in this paper, the influence factors of electrospinning, such as the concentration of organic matter and the velocity of fluid flow, are systematically studied in the preparation of composite oxide semiconductor microfibers. The influence of voltage and distance between pole and plate on fiber diameter and morphology. It is found that the increase of voltage and flow rate will lead to the thickening of the diameter, the increase of the distance between the poles and the plate will lead to the diameter becoming thinner, and the change of the concentration of PVP will also affect the morphology of the fiber. In this paper, polymer / inorganic salt composite fiber was prepared by sol gel and electrostatic spinning from polymer (PVP) and inorganic salt. PZT fiber, TiO_2-ZnO composite fiber and YIG fiber were obtained by heat treatment. The fibers were characterized by differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and hysteresis loop analysis. The effects of heat treatment temperature and the ratio of Zr/Ti on the properties of the fibers were discussed. The experimental results show that the diameter and length of the fibers become smaller and shorter after heat treatment, and the surface of the fibers becomes hollow and rough. With the increase of heat treatment temperature, the diameter of the fibers becomes smaller and the fibers become shorter. The typical perovskite structure was formed at 700 鈩，

本文编号：2415579