集体经营性建设用地使用权入市法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-20 16:45

本文关键词： 集体经营性建设用地使用权入市国有建设用地土地征收制度　出处：《安徽财经大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：经过几十年的坚持与努力,我国社会的方方面面产生了深刻的变革,社会面貌幡然一新,社会生产力进步了不少,工业化进程稳步加快,城市规模的扩张也在如火如荼地进行着。随之而来的是,大规模的城市扩张对在客观上需要大量的建设用地,但是目前所拥有的国有建设用地数量是一定的,已经越来越供应不了城市扩展所需要的大量土地资源。在这个大环境下,人们将目光纷纷转而投向农村的建设用地,不断发掘它潜在的价值以解决目前的困境,因而集体经营性建设用地使用权入市能够减轻建设用地资源不足的压力,减轻城市发展的负担。然而,在我国,其使用权入市缺乏相关法律法规的支持,要想入市得先由国家利用征收手段将其转化为国有土地,而后才能入市参与市场交易。但是在实践活动中,由于房地产市场的巨大利润,一些地方政府总是打着公共利益的名义滥用土地征收制度,用很低廉的价格强制征收农村的集体土地进而转变为国有土地,再用较高的价格进行出让,赚取高额的差价,损害了农民的土地权益,此种做法往往受到社会各界的批评与指责。众所周知,土地改革一直以来都是国家重点工作之一,党的十八届三中全会鼓励与支持集体经营性建设用地使用权入市。因此,部分地方政府也纷纷响应国家的号召,出台了一系列地方政策性文件。值得一提的是,其推广范围越来越大,发展至今已经推行至30多个地区,其在不久的将来将会推广至全国范围内。虽然有国家政策与一些地方政府政策性文件的支持与指导,但是这项工作是一项长期复杂的工程,各地试点实践中也会出现诸多问题,这就需要我们密切关注各试点实际推行状况,及时发现问题并总结积累经验,为以后在全国范围内实行奠定夯实的基石。当然,这项推广工作不能只依靠国家政策与地方性文件的指导,国家政策与指导性文件只能在宏观上提供一个大的发展方向,而制定具体可行的操作办法、破除相关法律法规的障碍以及构建相关的配套制度必不可少。规范这项推广工作,能够保护耕地安全,尽可能地充分使用土地资源不至于使其闲置或者浪费,保障农民的土地权益不受侵犯,这是推动农村集体经济前进的重要动力。本文主要由三个部分的内容构成的:第一部分主要包括概念界定、详细阐述理论基础及政策演进,建立本文理论研究的基石。第二部分是着重研究存在的问题,主要分析法律制度上、实践规则中以及土地规划、农村社保、土地征收制度等配套制度等方面存在的不足与缺陷,多角度、更全面地找出入市出现的种种问题与困境。第三部分是在前两部分内容的研究基础上,对其入市规则提出完善建议,主要包括消除法律障碍、健全实践规则以及完善配套制度等。
[Abstract]:After decades of persistence and efforts, profound changes have taken place in all aspects of our society, with a new social outlook, considerable progress in social productive forces, and steady acceleration of the process of industrialization. The expansion of urban scale is also in full swing. With it, large-scale urban expansion requires a large amount of construction land objectively, but the amount of state-owned construction land currently owned is certain. It has become increasingly difficult to supply the vast amount of land needed for urban expansion. In this environment, people are turning their attention to rural construction land and unlocking its potential value to solve the current predicament. Therefore, entering the market of collective operating construction land use right can reduce the pressure of insufficient construction land resources and lighten the burden of urban development. However, in our country, the right to use construction land to enter the market lacks the support of relevant laws and regulations. In order to enter the market, the state must first use the means of expropriation to convert it into state-owned land before it can enter the market to participate in market transactions. But in practice, because of the huge profits of the real estate market, Some local governments have always abused the land expropriation system in the name of public interest, forcibly expropriating rural collective land at very low prices and then converting it into state-owned land, and then selling it at a higher price to earn a high price difference. This kind of practice is often criticized and criticized by all walks of life in society. As we all know, land reform has always been one of the key tasks of the state. The third Plenary session of the 18 CPC Central Committee encouraged and supported the introduction of the right to the use of collective operating construction land. As a result, some local governments have responded to the call of the state and issued a series of local policy documents. It is worth mentioning that, It has been extended to more than 30 regions and will be extended to the whole country in the near future. Although it has the support and guidance of national policies and some local government policy documents, However, this work is a long-term complex project, and there will be many problems in the practice of pilot projects in various localities. This requires us to pay close attention to the actual implementation of each pilot project, to find problems in time and to sum up and accumulate experience. Of course, this extension cannot rely solely on the guidance of national policies and local documents, which can only provide a broad development direction at the macro level. It is essential to formulate concrete and feasible operation methods, to break down the obstacles of relevant laws and regulations and to build relevant supporting systems. Standardizing this extension work can protect the safety of cultivated land. The full use of land resources as far as possible will not cause them to be idle or wasteful, so as to ensure that peasants' land rights and interests are not infringed, This paper is composed of three parts: the first part mainly includes the definition of the concept, the detailed elaboration of the theoretical basis and the evolution of the policy. The second part focuses on the existing problems, mainly analyzes the deficiencies and defects in the legal system, practical rules and supporting systems such as land planning, rural social security, land expropriation system, etc. In the third part, on the basis of the research of the first two parts, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the rules of entering the market, mainly including eliminating the legal obstacles. Perfect the practice rule and perfect the supporting system and so on.
【学位授予单位】：安徽财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.3

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