合阳地区农村土地流转中的公平问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 07:30

本文关键词： 农村土地流转马克思主义公平观分配公平　出处：《西安科技大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着新型城镇化和新农村建设的不断推进,小规模、分散的土地经营模式已经不能满足经济发展的需要,农业规模化生产成为农业发展的必然趋势。打破农业发展瓶颈,突破小规模分散化经营成为我国农业发展的必然阶段,农村土地流转适应经济和社会发展的需要逐步发展起来。中央对农村土地承包经营权流转问题一直高度重视,不断改进并完善相关政策以提高流转效率,但是目前土地流转中存在的公平问题尤为突出,已成为影响农民流转意愿、制约流转效率最重要因素之一。现阶段在我国,土地流转已经在各省市全面展开,在注重效率的前提下,农民的公平问题才是土地流转的核心。公平问题是人类关注的永恒话题。通过对马克思历史唯物主义公平观进行梳理,揭示了马克思主义公平观的基本内涵,获得了分析和解决问题的理论基础。并对土地流转中流出方农民公平问题的评判标准从两个方面予以界定:在土地流转合同中流出方农民的合法权利和利益分配是否被损害。结合对陕西省合阳县5个乡镇10个村454户农民的问卷调查结果,发现随着农村土地流转的深入推进,其深层次的公平问题日益凸现,主要表现为流转程序不规范、土地租金评定不合理、变更土地用途、赎回机制和风险机制不完善以及农民自身原因等带来的土地流出方农民合法权益受损和分配不公等问题。究其原因,主要是农村土地流转的市场机制不健全、制度政策不完善、社会保障体系乏力和农民自身的思想意识等造成的。实现农村土地公平规范、高效有序流转,必须要有相适应的经济公平理论作为指导思想,以马克思主义公平理论为指导,权衡土地流转参与主体各方利益,积极探索实现途径:一是健全土地流转市场,加强监督管理;二是完善法律法规,尤其是对土地流转对价评定机制和土地赎回机制进行必要的探讨,保证制度公平;三是建立健全农村社会保障体系,使土地对于农民的保障功能逐步弱化;四是提高农村教育水平,培育公正价值取向,以此保证土地流转实现公平与效率的统一。
[Abstract]:With the development of new urbanization and new rural construction, the small scale and scattered land management mode can not meet the needs of economic development. Agricultural scale production has become the inevitable trend of agricultural development. The breakthrough of small-scale decentralized management has become an inevitable stage of agricultural development in China, and the rural land circulation has gradually developed to meet the needs of economic and social development. The central government has always attached great importance to the transfer of rural land contractual management rights. Improving and perfecting the relevant policies to improve the efficiency of circulation, but the problem of equity in land circulation is particularly prominent, which has become one of the most important factors that affect the willingness of farmers to transfer and restrict the efficiency of circulation. Land circulation has been carried out in all provinces and cities. Under the premise of paying attention to efficiency, the issue of fairness of farmers is the core of land circulation. The issue of fairness is an eternal topic of human concern. It reveals the basic connotation of Marxist view of fairness. The theoretical basis for analyzing and solving the problem is obtained, and the criteria for judging the farmer's equity in the land circulation are defined from two aspects: the legal rights and interests distribution of the outflow farmers in the land transfer contract. Combined with the results of a questionnaire survey on 454 farmers in 10 villages and villages in 5 towns in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province. It is found that with the further development of the rural land circulation, the deep level of equity problem is becoming more and more prominent, which mainly shows that the circulation procedure is not standardized, the land rent assessment is unreasonable, and the land use is changed. The redemption mechanism and the risk mechanism are not perfect, and the farmers' legitimate rights and interests are damaged and the distribution is unfair caused by the farmers' own reasons. The main reasons are the imperfect market mechanism of the rural land circulation, the imperfect system policy, etc. The weak social security system and the farmers' own ideology, etc., to realize the fair and orderly circulation of rural land, must have the economic fair theory as the guiding ideology, and the Marxist fair theory as the guide. Balancing the interests of all parties involved in land circulation and actively exploring ways to achieve: first, improve the land transfer market, strengthen supervision and management; second, improve laws and regulations, In particular, it is necessary to discuss the valuation mechanism and land redemption mechanism of land circulation in order to ensure the fairness of the system, third, to establish and improve the rural social security system, so as to gradually weaken the security function of land for farmers; Fourth, improve the level of rural education, cultivate the value orientation of justice, so as to ensure the unity of equity and efficiency of land circulation.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D422.6;F321.1

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