建国以来中国共产党人的慈善观研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 21:25

本文选题：建国以来　切入点：中国共产党人　出处：《太原科技大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：慈善思想在中国的历史长河中源远流长,中国人民自古以来就有乐善好施、扶危济贫的优良传统,但是长期以来中国的慈善事业并未得到长足发展。中国慈善事业的发展,有着深刻的时代映记。新中国成立之初,百废待兴,严峻的国际国内形势和不断进行的阶级斗争,使慈善事业一度被认为是资产阶级的糖衣炮弹。毛泽东认为慈善是“积阴功”的表现,认为民族独立和人民解放是实施救济与福利的政治前提,由此慈善事业陷入了曲折发展中。慈善思想真正的破冰时期始于改革开放,邓小平实行的改革开放使中国的经济、政治、文化等社会环境各方面发生了巨大的变化,慈善事业也开始复兴。邓小平理论蕴含着深刻的慈善思想,比如鼓励先富起来的人自愿办慈善,发展慈善事业是社会主义本质的体现,恢复和重建社会学等,这些思想都使中国慈善事业得到了初步发展。20世纪90年代以来,国际和国内形势不断变化,江泽民同志作为党的第三代领导集体的核心,以全新的战略眼光来关注民生问题,通过制定科学的战略举措和实施民生重点工程建设,将党和政府的民生关怀体现在具体行动上,积极推进扶贫开发工作,关注妇女和残疾人事业,并认为社会主义也需要有自己的慈善事业和慈善家,这些举措促进了中国慈善事业的进一步发展。到了21世纪,中国进入了战略机遇期和社会矛盾凸显期,社会保障机制的不完善急需慈善事业的补充,重大自然灾害也激发了全民的慈善意识等。党和国家领导人也开始高度重视慈善事业,并首次将其写进了中央文件,认为发展慈善事有利于改善民生,发展慈善事业需要社会各方面力量的支持,并要加强党对发展慈善事业的领导,这使中国慈善事业有了翻天覆地的变化,步入积极发展的轨道。党的十八大以来,慈善作为一项事业被列入社会建设中,全党明确提出“支持发展慈善事业”,慈善成了中国社会保障体系的重要组成部分。2016年3月16日十二届全国人大四次会议通过的《中华人民共和国慈善法》进一步表明了慈善事业的发展要走法治化的道路。这些丰富的慈善思想使中国慈善事业的发展有了新的气象,奠定了慈善事业在中国特色社会主义事业中的重要地位,对全面建成小康社会、改善民生以及社会主义精神文明的建设有着重大意义。
[Abstract]:The thought of charity has a long history in China. Since ancient times, the Chinese people have had a fine tradition of giving charity and helping the poor. However, for a long time, China's philanthropy has not developed by leaps and bounds. China's philanthropy has developed. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, there have been a great deal of waste and prosperity, a grim international and domestic situation, and constant class struggle. The charity was once regarded as the sugar-coated shell of the bourgeoisie. Mao Zedong considered charity to be a manifestation of "accumulation of negative merit" and that national independence and people's liberation were the political prerequisites for the implementation of relief and welfare. The real ice-breaking period of charity thought began with the reform and opening up, and the reform and opening up carried out by Deng Xiaoping made great changes in China's economic, political, cultural and other social environment. Philanthropy has also begun to revive. Deng Xiaoping's theory contains profound ideas of charity, such as encouraging those who first become rich to run charity voluntarily, and developing philanthropy as the embodiment of the essence of socialism, restoring and rebuilding sociology, and so on. These ideas have made China's philanthropy a preliminary development. Since the 1990s, the international and domestic situation has been constantly changing. Comrade Jiang Zemin, as the core of the third generation of the Party's collective leadership, has paid attention to people's livelihood issues from a new strategic perspective. Through the formulation of scientific strategic measures and the implementation of key projects for the people's livelihood, the party and the government should take concrete actions to take care of the people's livelihood, actively promote poverty alleviation and development, and pay close attention to the cause of women and the disabled. He also believes that socialism also needs to have its own philanthropy and philanthropists. These measures have promoted the further development of Chinese philanthropy. In the 21st century, China has entered a period of strategic opportunities and social contradictions. The imperfect social security mechanism urgently needs to be supplemented by charitable undertakings. Major natural disasters have also aroused the people's philanthropic consciousness. Party and state leaders have also begun to attach great importance to philanthropy, and have for the first time written it into the central government document. It is believed that the development of philanthropy is conducive to the improvement of people's livelihood, and that the development of philanthropy requires the support of all sectors of society, and that it is necessary to strengthen the leadership of the Party in the development of philanthropy, which has brought about earth-shaking changes in Chinese philanthropy. Step into the track of positive development. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, charity has been included as a cause in social construction. The whole party has clearly put forward "supporting the development of philanthropy", which has become an important part of China's social security system. The Law of the people's Republic of China on Charity, adopted by the fourth session of the 12th National people's Congress on March 16, 2016, is further developed. This shows that the development of philanthropy must follow the road of rule by law. These rich philanthropic ideas have given a new look to the development of Chinese philanthropy. It has established the important position of philanthropy in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and has great significance for building a well-off society in an all-round way, improving people's livelihood and building socialist spiritual civilization.
【学位授予单位】：太原科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D25;D632.9

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