中国人如何能有更高水平的幸福感——基于中国民生指数调查

发布时间：2018-04-10 03:05

本文选题：中国民生指数　切入点：公共服务满意度　出处：《管理世界》2015年06期

【摘要】：本文利用2010~2014年期间的中国民生指数调查数据,对改善民生在当前发展阶段的重要性、改善民生与经济发展的关系以及公共服务满意度的人群分布和公共服务满意度对生活满意度的影响进行了理论分析和实证检验。论文主要发现如下:(1)中国已经进入到经济增长对国民幸福提升作用逐步减弱的阶段,改善民生对国民幸福感的作用更大;(2)2010年的省级民生指数表明,居民的民生主观满意度与民生发展水平不存在正相关关系,但是民生改善对民生主观满意度产生正面影响;(3)从义务教育、医疗卫生、生态环境、社会保障四类公共服务在2011~2014年期间的变化趋势和城乡比较来看,城乡居民对四类公共服务均存在客观状况与主观满意度的反差;(4)个体对各项公共服务的满意度呈现明显的人群差异,这既体现在高学历背景、城市居民和中青年年龄组个体由于对公共服务有较高期望而导致的相对较低的公共服务满意度,也体现在低收入群体、外地户籍以及职业类型处于经济社会地位较低的个体,由于在获得公共服务方面处于相对劣势地位而导致的相对较低的公共服务满意度;(5)公共服务满意度的提升显著提升个体的生活满意度,比收入对生活满意度的影响程度更大。本文的政策含义在于:根据国民的诉求来明确各项公共服务发展的优先序,优先改善经济社会地位处于弱势群体的公共服务,才可能使中国人有更高水平的幸福感,降低在"中上等收入"发展阶段发生"伊斯特林悖论"的可能性。
[Abstract]:This paper makes use of the survey data of China's people's livelihood index from 2010 to 2014 to find out the importance of improving people's livelihood in the current stage of development.The relationship between people's livelihood and economic development, the distribution of public service satisfaction and the influence of public service satisfaction on life satisfaction are analyzed theoretically and empirically.The main findings of the paper are as follows: (1) China has entered a stage in which economic growth has gradually weakened the role of economic growth in enhancing the well-being of its citizens, and improving the people's livelihood has a greater effect on the well-being of the people. 2) the 2010 Provincial people's livelihood Index shows thatThere is no positive correlation between the subjective satisfaction of the people's livelihood and the level of development of the people's livelihood, but the improvement of the people's livelihood has a positive impact on the subjective satisfaction of the people's livelihood.The trends of social security in the four types of public services during the period from 2011 to 2014 and the comparison between urban and rural areas,There is a contrast between the objective condition and subjective satisfaction of urban and rural residents on the four types of public services. 4) the individual satisfaction degree of each public service is obviously different, which is reflected in the background of higher educational background.The relatively low public service satisfaction caused by higher expectations of public services among urban residents and individuals of middle and young age groups is also reflected in low-income groups, those with lower economic and social status in the field of household registration and occupation types.Because of the relatively low public service satisfaction caused by the relatively inferior position in the access to public services, the improvement of public service satisfaction significantly improved the individual's life satisfaction, and the impact of income on life satisfaction was greater than that of income.The policy implication of this paper is: only by defining the priority order of the development of various public services and giving priority to improving the public services of the economically and socially disadvantaged groups can the Chinese people have a higher level of happiness.Reduce the possibility of Easterlin Paradox at the middle and upper income stages of development.
【作者单位】：清华大学公共管理学院;国务院发展研究中心管理世界杂志社;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71273006) 清华大学自主科研计划的资助
【分类号】：D61

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