“公平责任”是否“公平”——以二十世纪新侵权法理论为视角

发布时间：2018-04-14 11:10

本文选题：公平责任 + 侵权法理论　；参考：《政治与法律》2017年12期

【摘要】：对"公平责任"的性质、适用范围与正当性基础,我国学界三十多年以来一直争论不休,并未形成通说。对公平责任正当性基础的争议,尤为突出。之所以存在这种争论不休的局面,主要是因为学界对侵权法的哲学基础理论或侵权法之功能或目标定位远未达成共识。以侵权法诸哲学理论为背景,从侵权法功能或目标的角度出发来分析公平责任,有助于厘清过错责任、无过错责任以及公平责任之间错综复杂的关系。通过对二十世纪五种新侵权法理论之回顾,可以发现公平责任并不体现公平或正义价值,而是旨在实现损失分担(次要事故成本减少)的效率价值。总体而言,公平责任之弊远大于其利,应以保险、社会保障制度完全取代。
[Abstract]:The nature, scope of application and the basis of legitimacy of "fair responsibility" have been debated continuously in Chinese academic circles for more than 30 years, without forming a general theory.The controversy over the legitimacy of fair responsibility is particularly prominent.The reason for this controversy is that there is far from a consensus on the philosophical basic theory of tort law or the function or target orientation of tort law.Under the background of various philosophical theories of tort law, it is helpful to clarify the intricate relationship among fault liability, no-fault liability and fair liability by analyzing fair liability from the angle of function or goal of tort law.By reviewing five new tort law theories in the 20th century, it is found that fair liability does not reflect the value of fairness or justice, but aims to achieve the efficiency value of loss sharing (reducing the cost of secondary accidents).In general, fair liability is far more harmful than its advantages, and should be replaced by insurance and social security system.
【作者单位】：马斯特里赫特大学法学院;
【基金】：国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目荷兰马斯特里赫特大学博士生项目(项目编号:留金发[2012]3013号)“中国医疗责任与保险”(编号:201206090032)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D923

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