土地流转与城乡一体化：分析框架与模式比较

发布时间：2018-04-19 18:15

本文选题：城乡一体化 + 土地流转　；参考：《山西财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业、农村、农民的发展问题始终是影响我国经济持续健康发展的重大问题,长久以来,在城乡二元经济结构下,农村的发展都始终落后于城市经济的发展。因此发展好农村,推进城乡一体化建设就显得非常重要。而要解决好三农的问题,就必须要解决农村的土地问题。土地流转是解决“三农”问题的核心,建设社会主义新农村、提高农民的生活水平,发展现代农业都需要进一步推进农村的土地流转。党的十八大报告指出,发展城乡一体化是解决“三农”问题的根本途径,目的就是通过城市与乡村的互动发展,工业与农业的互动发展,来真正解决城乡二元结构的问题,把城乡作为一个整体进行统筹规划。土地作为最基本的生产要素,只有充分挖掘其内在的价值,通过流转来带动农业、农村、农民的发展,从而撬动城乡之间的要素互动,推动城乡一体化发展。因此深刻理解土地流转与城乡一体化之间的关系,把握土地流转对城乡一体化的发展作用,就显得至关重要。本文在梳理文献的基础上,对城乡一体化理论与土地流转在宏观上与微观上进行整理分析。在城乡经济一体化、城乡空间一体化与城乡社会一体化的视角下,通过土地流转对农业现代、新型城镇化与农民市民化的关系与作用进行了分析,揭示了只有在规模化的土地运营下才能实现农业的现代化升级;只有通过创新土地流转模式,实现城乡之间的土地资源统筹规划才能进一步促进新型城镇建设;只有通过土地流转,充分挖掘土地的潜在价值,提高农村土地的综合收益才能有效提高农民的生活水平,帮助农民实现农民市民化。同时在土地流转中的不同参与方也会采取不同的行动,通过创新土地流转模式,充分发挥农民的积极性,在政府的统一管理与监督规范下引进现代化农业规模经营企业,实现农业产业的技术升级与现代化运营,这样才能使土地流转充分发挥作用,促进城乡的一体化发展。本文主要工作、观点及结论如下:(1)土地流转在宏观上通过影响农业现代化、新型城镇化与农民工市民化,分别在经济一体化、空间一体化与社会一体化方面促进了城乡一体化发展。农村土地流转的首要目的就是要解放农村的生产力,改变原有的分散化一家一户的经营模式,通过集约化经营实现农业的现代化升级,提高农民的生活水平。其次,在城镇化不断发展的背景下,城市扩张开始面临着建设用地指标的束缚,通过推动农村土地流转实现城乡之间的空间一体化规划,从而破解城市的用地难题。最后,城乡一体化建设就是要提高农民的生活水平,让农民能够享受到城乡一体化的公共服务,特别是在农村劳动力转移的背景下,顺利实现农民工市民化至关重要,因此推进农村土地流转,充分挖掘土地的价值,对农民的市民化具有重要意义。(2)微观上土地流转的参与方:农民、政府与农业规模经营主体,在城乡一体化进程中面对土地流转都存在着不同的问题以及影响因素。土地作为农民最基本的收入来源和最重要的生活保障,在城乡之间交流逐步扩大、农村劳动力不断向城市转移的背景下,农民必然面临着土地流转的问题,在教育水平、收入水平、社会保障水平、区域经济发展水平不同的影响因素下,农民在土地流转中也面临着不同的选择。政府在农村土地流转的过程中主要是承担引导与监督的职责,但在一些具体实践中也会有过多干涉农民土地流转,侵犯农民权益的问题。政府应在综合考虑地方经济发展和保护农民权益的基础上,规范合理引导农村土地流转,引进先进的农业经营主体,创造适合本地发展的土地流转模式。农业规模经营主体在土地流转中主要承担土地转入的角色,在政府鼓励下,一些现代化农业生产企业通过农村土地流转进入了农村市场,但也由于在土地流转方面的法律法规不健全,相关支持性的金融制度不完善导致一些农业规模经营主体在进入农村的过程中还面临着诸多的问题,需要在政策上和制度上加以不断地完善。(3)不同的土地流转模式对于城乡一体化的促进作用不一样。由于在土地流转模式中参与方的参与程度不同,流转模式的组成及绩效也不一样。在农民之间的土地流转,往往发生在同一村集体内部,农民在进城务工后将土地流转至亲戚或邻里之间,土地流转对于农民的收入水平和农村的经济发展贡献较小。在“农户+政府+企业”的模式中,一般涉及的土地流转规模较大,对农业现代化的改造作用明显。在政府的牵头和带动下,通过成立农业合作社或引入先进的农业经营企业,农户可以通过土地流转实现较好的收入增加,社会保障水平也会有明显的改善。特别是通过土地流转模式的创新可以实现城乡之间的土地资源统筹规划,盘活农村的建设用地和闲置的宅基地,为城镇化建设和农民市民化创造条件。
[Abstract]:The development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers has always been a major issue affecting the sustained and healthy development of our economy. For a long time, under the two yuan economic structure of urban and rural areas, the development of rural areas has always been lagging behind the development of urban economy. It is necessary to solve the land problem in rural areas. Land circulation is the core of solving the "three rural" problem. Building a new socialist countryside, improving the living standard of farmers and developing modern agriculture need to further promote the rural land circulation. The eighteen major reports of the party point out that the development of urban and rural integration is the fundamental way to solve the "three rural" problems. Through the interactive development of urban and rural areas and the interactive development of industry and agriculture, the purpose is to truly solve the problem of the two yuan structure in urban and rural areas, and to plan the urban and rural as a whole. As the most basic factor of production, land can only fully tap its intrinsic value and promote the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers through circulation. Therefore, the interaction between urban and rural areas is moved to promote the integration of urban and rural areas. Therefore, it is very important to understand the relationship between land circulation and urban and rural integration and to grasp the role of land circulation in the development of urban and rural integration. In view of the integration of urban and rural economy, the integration of urban and rural space and the integration of urban and rural society, the relationship and function of the agricultural modernity, the new urbanization and the citizenization of the farmers are analyzed through the land circulation, and the modernization of agriculture can be realized only under the scale of the land operation. Through the innovation of land transfer mode, the overall planning of land resources between urban and rural can further promote the construction of new towns. Only through land circulation, fully excavate the potential value of land, improve the comprehensive income of rural land, can effectively improve the living standard of farmers, help farmers to realize the citizenization of farmers. The different participants in the circulation will take different actions to make full use of the enthusiasm of the farmers through the innovation of the land circulation model, introduce the modern agricultural scale management enterprises under the unified administration and supervision of the government, and realize the technological upgrading and the modernization of the agricultural industry, in order to make the land circulation fully play a role, To promote the integration of urban and rural development. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the land circulation has promoted the integration of urban and rural areas in the aspects of economic integration, spatial integration and social integration. The primary purpose of rural land circulation is to influence the modernization of agriculture, the new urbanization and the citizenization of migrant workers. We should emancipate the productive forces of the rural areas, change the operating mode of the original decentralization family and one household, realize the modernization of agriculture through intensive management, and improve the living standard of the farmers. Secondly, in the context of the continuous development of urbanization, the urban expansion begins to face the constraints of the target of construction land, and through the promotion of the rural land transfer to realize the city. In the end, the urban and rural integration construction is to improve the living standard of the farmers, let the farmers enjoy the public service of the integration of urban and rural areas, especially in the background of the transfer of rural labor force, it is very important to realize the citizenization of the peasant workers, so the rural soil is promoted. Land circulation, fully excavating the value of land, is of great significance to the citizenization of farmers. (2) the participation of farmers, the government and the agricultural scale management body, there are different problems and influencing factors in the process of urban and rural integration in the process of urban and rural integration. Land is the most basic income source and the heaviest of farmers in the process of urban and rural integration. Under the background of the gradual expansion of urban and rural exchanges between urban and rural areas and the shifting of rural labor to the city, farmers are bound to face the problem of land circulation. Under the influence factors of educational level, income level, social security level and the level of regional economic development, farmers are also faced with different choices in the land circulation. The government should undertake the responsibility of guiding and supervising in the process of rural land circulation, but in some concrete practice, there will be too much interference in the circulation of farmers' land and the infringement of farmers' rights and interests. The government should standardize and guide the transfer of rural land rationally on the basis of comprehensive consideration of the development of local economy and protection of farmers' rights and interests, and introduce advanced technology. The main body of agricultural management creates the land transfer mode suitable for local development. The main body of agricultural scale management takes the role of land transfer mainly in the land circulation. Under the encouragement of the government, some modern agricultural production enterprises have entered the rural market through the rural land circulation, but the laws and regulations on the land circulation are not sound, The imperfect supporting financial system has caused some problems in the process of entering the rural areas, which need to be perfected in policy and system. (3) the role of different land transfer modes for urban and rural integration is different. The proportion of participation is different, and the composition and performance of the transfer mode are different. Land circulation among farmers often occurs within the same village. Farmers transfer the land to relatives or neighbourhoods after working in the city. Land circulation contributes less to the income level of farmers and the economic development of rural areas. "Farmers + government + enterprises" In the model, the large scale of land circulation is generally involved in the transformation of agricultural modernization. Under the lead and lead of the government, through the establishment of agricultural cooperatives or the introduction of advanced agricultural enterprises, farmers can achieve better income increase through land circulation, and the level of social security will also be obviously improved. It is through the innovation of the land circulation model that the overall planning of land resources between urban and rural areas can be realized, the rural construction land and the idle homestead are reinvigorated, and the conditions for the urbanization and the citizenization of the peasants are created.

【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F321.1

【参考文献】