留守经历对新生代农民工收入水平的影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 04:56

本文选题：留守经历 + 收入水平　；参考：《首都经济贸易大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济社会的发展和城市化进程的不断加快,越来越多的农村劳动力打破了城乡户籍制度的束缚,开始大量涌入城市。流动人口在引起社会广泛关注的同时,留守儿童作为工业化与城市化进程中农村劳动力外出务工的逻辑产物自然也受到了媒体、政府和学者的广泛关注。事实上,经过多年的成长,这部分留守儿童早已成为新生代农民工巨大的主力军。与之相对应的是,这部分群体所面临的一系列困境,收入水平低、工作环境差、工作流动频繁、社会保障弱、文化交融缺乏、社会网络窄、心理隔阂大以及身份认同低。本文选取收入视角,利用2015年北京市的调查数据,重点考察了童年时期的留守经历对新生代农民工收入水平的影响及其性别差异,本文在使用倾向得分倒数加权法(IPSW)纠正样本的选择性偏差以后发现:第一,留守经历的确存在明显的收入效应。相比于没有留守经历的样本,留守经历会对成年后的收入水平产生显著的负向影响,并且这种影响存在明显的性别差异。平均而言,有留守经历的新生代农民工的月收入水平的对数是同辈群体的0.924倍。第二,不同的留守形式和留守时间的收入效应表现有所不同。完全留守的负向影响大于部分留守,长期留守的负向影响大于短期留守。这一结果表明在考察留守经历的收入效应时区分留守形式和留守时间的重要性。第三,在考察性别与不同留守形式以及留守时间的交互作用以后发现,不同性别的新生代农民工经历了差异显著的收入回报。具体来说,女性的收入水平受到童年时期留守生活的影响更为显著。因此,本文建议应充分发挥政府的主导作用、完善学校的教育体制管理、切实加强家庭的监督和管理作用,着力为留守儿童营造良好的成长环境,以避免童年时期的留守生活不利影响。同时本文也认为,在评估留守经历的影响时也要重点关注到留守形式和留守时间上的不同以及女性农民工异质性的特征,区别对待并有针对性地采取政策和措施,真正满足不同群体的切实需要,从而使政策达到“普惠”的发展效果。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society and the acceleration of urbanization, more and more rural labor force broke the shackles of urban and rural household registration system and began to pour into cities in large numbers. At the same time, migrant children, as the logical product of rural labor migration in the process of industrialization and urbanization, have attracted wide attention from the media, the government and scholars. In fact, after years of growth, this part of the left-behind children has become the new generation of migrant workers a huge force. Correspondingly, these groups face a series of difficulties, such as low income level, poor working environment, frequent work flow, weak social security, lack of cultural integration, narrow social network, large psychological barrier and low identity. From the perspective of income, using the survey data of Beijing in 2015, this paper focuses on the impact of the childhood left-behind experience on the income level of the new generation of migrant workers and its gender differences. In this paper, we use the reciprocal weight of inclination score to correct the selective deviation of the sample. We find that: first, there is a significant income effect in the left-behind experience. Compared with the sample without Left-behind experience, the Left-behind experience has a significant negative effect on the income level in adulthood, and there are significant gender differences in this effect. On average, the logarithm of monthly income levels of the new generation of migrant workers with left-behind experience is 0.924 times that of their peers. Secondly, the income effect of different form and time is different. The negative effect of complete left-behind is greater than that of partial left-behind, and the negative impact of long-term left-behind is greater than that of short-term left-behind. The results show that it is important to distinguish the form and time of the left behind in the study of the income effect of the left-behind experience. Thirdly, after investigating the interaction between gender, different forms of stay and the time of staying behind, it is found that the new generation of migrant workers of different sexes have experienced significant differences in income and return. Specifically, the income level of women is more significantly affected by the left-behind life in childhood. Therefore, this paper suggests that the government should give full play to the leading role of the government, improve the school education system management, strengthen the role of family supervision and management, and strive to create a good growth environment for left-behind children. In order to avoid the negative impact of childhood left behind life. At the same time, this paper also thinks that in assessing the impact of the left-behind experience, we should also pay attention to the differences in the form and time of stay and the heterogeneity of female migrant workers, and adopt policies and measures differently and pertinently. To truly meet the practical needs of different groups, so that the policy to achieve the "inclusive" development effect.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.6;F323.8

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