改革开放以来联合国开发计划署对中国扶贫的积极影响

发布时间：2018-05-19 11:29

本文选题：联合国开发计划署 + 国际组织　；参考：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,中国扶贫取得了举世瞩目的成就。在三十多年的扶贫开发事业中,中国政府扮演着主要角色,然而国际组织的力量不容忽视。1979年,联合国开发计划署(UNDP)批准了第一个援华方案并在中国设立代表处,标志着中国开始接受国际发展援助,同时也标志着国际组织开始协助中国政府进行扶贫开发。在中国扶贫开发至今的五个阶段中,UNDP通过其发展网络引入了先进的扶贫理念和创新的扶贫方法,对中国的扶贫效果和扶贫进程产生了积极的影响。本文通过文献资料法、案例分析法和跨学科研究方法梳理了联合国开发计划署参与中国扶贫的历程、分析了其对中国扶贫的具体影响以及如何影响、展望了联合国开发计划署在后2015时代在中国扶贫中扮演的角色。本文的具体内容分为以下四个部分。第一章,改革开放以来中国扶贫概况。本章首先总结了改革开放以来中国扶贫取得的成就,接着梳理了中国扶贫大致经历的五个阶段,并高度提炼了每个阶段的扶贫成果以及扶贫特点。第二章,国际组织参与中国扶贫的角色。国际组织参与中国扶贫首先是由贫困理论、国际发展援助理论和国际组织理论支撑的。国际组织理论是国际组织参与国家扶贫的前提,国际发展援助理论和贫困理论是国际组织参与中国扶贫的工具和手段。本章着重梳理了 UNDP参与中国扶贫事业的历程和内容,指出了UNDP参与中国扶贫的方式并非介入型援助,而是以协助政府部门为切入点,以扶贫开发项目和研究项目为主要方式,以宏观规划与政策制定和社会包容与公平为重点领域,帮助中国实现减贫目标。第三章,UNDP对中国扶贫的积极影响。本章直接回答了"UNDP在哪些方面影响了中国扶贫工作"以及"如何影响"两个问题。本章的分析从三个方面入手。首先,UNDP对中国扶贫效果产生了积极影响,UNDP通过扶贫项目的实施和扶贫资金的投放一方面改善了农村贫困人口的状况,另一方面加快了农村扶贫开发的进程。其次,UNDP通过实施扶贫项目和开展扶贫研究和为中国扶贫引进了先进的扶贫理念,其中包括以"多维贫困"为代表的更加多元的贫困定义、创新的包容性扶贫理念以及妇女在扶贫中的重要作用。最后,UNDP还对中国扶贫开发方法产生了重要影响。一方面,UNDP致力于创新扶贫开发方法,将小额信贷、科技扶贫和绿色扶贫方法成功引进中国;另一方面,UNDP倡导的参与式扶贫开发方法也对中国扶贫影响深远,如今中国的扶贫纲领里无不强调参与式扶贫开发的重要性。第四章,UNDP在中国扶贫中的角色展望。在前四章分析的基础上,本章指出后2015时代UNDP将在中国减贫合作中继续扮演重要角色。新时期扶贫合作的特点是国际组织与中国政府相互依赖,但重点有所转移。面对贫困人口规模大、扶贫的复杂化、"城市贫困"等挑战,中国仍需与UNDP合作以完成减贫目标,并在社会保障、多维贫困、贫困政策评估、创新扶贫开发等重点领域发挥UNPD的比较优势。另外,随着中国的身份由受援国转为"援助国",中国需要借助UNDP的强大网络向其他发展中国家分享扶贫理念和经验,深化扶贫领域的国际合作。本文透过UNDP的视角研究国际组织对中国扶贫产生的积极影响构成了本文最大的创新之处,从这个视角研究UNDP在中国的扶贫角色和贡献的文献十分少见。本文在三大核心理论的基础上,从大量具有时效性的政策和报告中高度提炼出UNDP对中国扶贫效果、理念的和方法的积极影响,形成一篇与时俱进且视角独特的论文。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China has made remarkable achievements in poverty alleviation. In the thirty years of poverty alleviation and development, the Chinese government plays a major role. However, the strength of the international organization can not be ignored in.1979 years. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) approved the first case of aid to China and set up a representative office in China, marking the beginning of China's acceptance. International development assistance also marks the beginning of international organizations to assist the Chinese government in poverty alleviation and development. In the five stages of China's poverty alleviation and development, UNDP has introduced advanced poverty alleviation ideas and innovative poverty alleviation methods through its development network, and has a positive impact on the effect of poverty alleviation and the process of helping the poor in China. The information method, case analysis and interdisciplinary research methods have combed the course of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) participating in poverty alleviation in China, analyze its specific impact on China's poverty alleviation and how it affects it, and look forward to the role of the United Nations Development Programme in the post 2015 era of poverty alleviation in China. The specific content of this article is divided into the following four ministries Chapter 1, the general situation of China's poverty alleviation since the reform and opening up. This chapter first summarizes the achievements of China's poverty alleviation since the reform and opening up, and then combs the five stages of China's poverty alleviation, and highly refines the poverty alleviation results and the characteristics of poverty alleviation in each stage. The second chapter, the role of international organizations in China's poverty alleviation. Participation in poverty alleviation in China is first supported by poverty theory, international development aid theory and international organization theory. International organization theory is the premise for international organizations to participate in poverty alleviation. International development aid theory and poverty theory are the tools and means for international organizations to participate in poverty alleviation in China. This chapter focuses on the involvement of UNDP in China's poverty alleviation. The course and content of the industry point out that the way UNDP participates in poverty alleviation in China is not intervention assistance, but is to help the government departments as the breakthrough point, to help the poor development projects and research projects as the main way, with macro planning and policy making and social inclusion and equity as the key areas, to help China achieve the goal of reducing poverty. The third chapter, UNDP China's positive impact on poverty alleviation. This chapter directly answers the two issues that "UNDP has affected China's poverty alleviation work" and "how to influence". The analysis of this chapter begins with three aspects. First, UNDP has a positive impact on the effect of China's poverty alleviation, and UNDP has improved the rural areas through the implementation of poverty alleviation projects and the delivery of poverty alleviation funds on the one hand. The status of the poor, on the other hand, accelerated the process of rural poverty alleviation and development. Secondly, UNDP introduced advanced poverty alleviation ideas through implementing poverty alleviation projects and carrying out poverty alleviation research and promoting poverty alleviation in China, including the more pluralistic poverty definition represented by "Multidimensional Poverty", innovative concept of inclusive poverty alleviation and women in poverty alleviation. In the end, UNDP also has an important impact on China's methods of poverty alleviation and development. On the one hand, UNDP is committed to innovative methods of poverty alleviation and development, and the successful introduction of microfinance, science and technology poverty alleviation and green poverty alleviation methods to China; on the other hand, the participatory poverty alleviation and development method advocated by UNDP has a far-reaching impact on China's poverty alleviation. The poor programme emphasizes the importance of participatory poverty alleviation and development. The fourth chapter, the role of UNDP in China's poverty alleviation. On the basis of the analysis in the first four chapters, this chapter points out that UNDP will continue to play an important role in China's poverty reduction and cooperation in the latter 2015 times. The characteristics of the cooperation in the new period are the interdependence of international organizations and the Chinese government, but the emphasis is on the characteristics of the new period. In the face of the large scale of the poor, the complexity of poverty alleviation and the "urban poverty", China still needs to cooperate with UNDP in order to achieve the goal of reducing poverty, and the comparative advantage of UNPD in the key areas such as social security, multidimensional poverty, poverty policy assessment, and innovation and development of poverty alleviation. In addition, as China's identity is transferred from the recipient country to "aid" China needs to share the poverty alleviation ideas and experiences with other developing countries with the help of UNDP's strong network, and deepen the international cooperation in the field of poverty alleviation. This paper studies the positive impact of international organizations on poverty alleviation through the UNDP perspective, which constitutes the greatest innovation of this article, and studies the role and tribute of UNDP in China from this perspective. The literature is very rare. On the basis of the three core theories, this paper abstracts the positive influence of UNDP on China's poverty alleviation effect, ideas and methods from a large number of timeliness policies and reports, and forms a paper with a unique view of the times and a unique perspective.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F126

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