弱势群体的社会支持机制研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 22:00

本文选题：弱势群体 + 社会支持　；参考：《南京师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：弱势群体问题无论在何种社会,都会是一个普遍存在的问题。当前我国正处于社会转型时期,社会经济不断发展但贫富差距也有所扩大,人口流动性的增加使得传统的家庭支持功能正逐步弱化。在此背景下,弱势群体问题变得日益突出。而由于历史的惯性,长期以来我国的社会支持主要依靠政府的力量,“以政代社”的做法使政府过多承担了满足弱势群体需求的责任,增加政府负担的同时却并未让弱势群体获得高质量的支持。因此,构建和完善转型时期我国弱势群体的社会支持机制问题就变得日益重要。对我国当下社会支持的主要途径及模式进行分析后发现,各地的做法虽有不同,但存在的共同问题是政府占据主导地位,而社会的参与力度不够。目前政府的支持途径主要集中在扶贫、社保、就业以及社区援助四个方面,社会支持的覆盖范围小支持水平低、形式单一且效率低下、更缺乏与弱势群体间的互动。对此,政府应实现自身的职能转变,主要为弱势群体提供制度规范型支持,同时引导市场、非营利组织积极参与到社会支持中来,赋予社区基层组织更大的自主性,并对各方的参与给予有效的监管而不是控制,促使自身实现由“划桨者”向“掌舵者”的角色转变。在政府之外,对于构成非政府支持的各方,也需要在完善自身建设的同时,进一步加强与其它方面的联系来提升和完善自身服务弱势群体的能力。只有通过政府和社会各界的沟通协调并发挥各自优势,才能对弱势群体形成高效的社会支持体系。
[Abstract]:The problem of vulnerable groups is a common problem in any society. At present, our country is in the period of social transformation, the social economy is developing constantly, but the gap between the rich and the poor is also widening. The increase of population mobility makes the traditional family support function weaken gradually. In this context, the problem of vulnerable groups has become increasingly prominent. Because of the historical inertia, the social support of our country mainly depends on the power of the government for a long time. The practice of "acting by the government on behalf of the society" makes the government bear the responsibility of meeting the needs of the vulnerable groups too much. Increasing the burden on the government has not allowed the disadvantaged to receive high quality support. Therefore, it becomes more and more important to construct and perfect the social support mechanism of the vulnerable groups in China during the transition period. After analyzing the main ways and models of social support in our country, it is found that although there are different practices, the common problem is that the government occupies the leading position and the social participation is not enough. At present, the government mainly focuses on poverty alleviation, social security, employment and community assistance. The coverage of social support is low, the form is single and inefficient, and the interaction with the vulnerable groups is even less. In view of this, the government should realize its own function transformation, mainly provide the system normal form support for the vulnerable group, at the same time guide the market, the non-profit organization actively participate in the social support, endow the community grass-roots organization with more autonomy. The participation of all parties is subject to effective supervision rather than control, which leads to a shift from "paddler" to "rudder". Besides the government, the parties that constitute non-governmental support also need to improve their own construction, and further strengthen the relationship with other aspects to enhance and improve their ability to serve the vulnerable groups. Only through the communication and coordination between the government and all walks of life and exerting their respective advantages can the vulnerable groups form an efficient social support system.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669

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