江西省农村最低生活保障制度满意度测评研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 15:22

本文选题：江西省 + 农村低保制度　；参考：《江西财经大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：农村贫困问题是关乎民生的重要问题。2007年7月,农村最低生活保障制度在全国建立,作为我国社会保障体系的重要组成部分,在保障农村贫困群体底线生活水平上发挥着重要作用。时至今日,该制度发展已有八年之久,其运行过程中也暴露出诸多方面的问题,如何改善以保证制度的功效能够充分发挥以及适应变化着的农村贫困状况,是值得探讨的问题。党的十八大报告中明确提出"建设人民满意的服务型政府"的政治目标,因此在对公共服务的相关政策或制度进行评价时更加重视公众的实际情况与感受,从公众视角来对政策或制度进行考量更容易发现其中的问题。本论文以江西省农村低保制度作为考察的具体政策,从该制度所服务的对象——农村低保居民出发,对该制度进行评价,探讨制度运行中的问题,与"建设人民满意的服务型政府"的政治目标所贴合。本论文在总结现有研究成果的基础上,以社会救助理论、公共产品理论和满意度模型理论为基础,从感知质量、低保户期望、低保户满意和信任与遵守几个方面构建江西省农村低保满意度测评模型,其中感知质量包括政策相关因子和流程办理因子两方面。建立理论模型后,开发量表设计问卷,对预调查所得54份问卷数据的信度和效度进行检验,并根据模型检验结果对问卷进行了一定的修正,得到正式问卷。正式调查时抽取了江西省6个县,在农村地区发放正式问卷600份,回收有效问卷共计546份。根据所收集的问卷,通过结构方程模型对江西省农村低保满意度测评模型进行检验,利用分析结果确定权重,计算出江西省农村低保满意度。研究表明:第一,农村低保户对农村低保的感知正向影响满意度,感知质量包括政策相关方面和流程办理方面,路径系数分别为0.632和0.815,说明在流程办理方面进行改善相比于在政策设计上改善能使满意度提高更多;第二,在政策相关方面,是否做到应保尽保、二次申请的时间间隔设置、以户为单位申请、捆绑政策的路径系数相对较高,说明低保制度在这些方面进行修正或完善能够使满意度有相对较大提升;第三,在流程办理方面,评选流程公平性、高效性的路径系数相对较高,说明提高评选过程的透明度以及压缩评选的流程会使满意度有相对较大提升;第四,农村低保满意度正向影响制度的信任和遵守,即农村低保户对该制度越满意,其对该制度的信任程度和维护程度越高,具体表现在心理上的信任和规则上的遵守;第五,根据结构方程模型的估计结果确定权重,测算出江西农村低保制度满意度得分为67。根据以上研究结果,为进一步提高低保户对农村低保制度的满意度,建议从四个方面采取措施:一是完善与其他社会保障制度的配合,由于致贫因素多种多样,而农村低保更多的是发挥"兜底"功能,与精准扶贫融合发展可以更切实地帮扶低保户脱贫;二是修正与完善农村低保实施细则,例如二次申请的时间间隔设置、必须以户为单位申请等;三是提高违规成本,保障制度实施的公平性,可以从政策执行和对违规者处罚两方面考虑;四是利用互联网技术建立电子贫困档案,提高救助精准度。
[Abstract]:The problem of rural poverty is an important issue about the people's livelihood. In July.2007, the rural minimum living security system was established throughout the country. As an important part of the social security system in China, it played an important role in guaranteeing the bottom line living standard of the rural poor groups. Today, the system has been developed for eight years, and its operation process has also been carried out. The problem of how to improve the effectiveness of the system as well as to adapt to the changing conditions of rural poverty is a problem to be discussed. In the eighteen major report of the party, the political goal of "building a service-oriented government for the people" is clearly put forward, so that the relevant policies or systems of public service are carried out. In the evaluation, it is more important to pay more attention to the actual situation and feelings of the public. It is easier to find out the problems from the public view of policy or system. This paper takes the rural low insurance system in Jiangxi as the specific policy, and evaluates the system from the object of the system, the rural low insurance people, and discusses the system transportation. On the basis of social assistance theory, public product theory and satisfaction model theory, this paper builds Jiangxi Province on the basis of social assistance theory, public product theory and satisfaction model theory, from the aspects of perceived quality, low investor expectation, low insurance satisfaction, trust and compliance. The evaluation model of rural low insurance satisfaction is made. The perceived quality includes two aspects of policy related factors and process management factors. After establishing the theoretical model, the development scale design questionnaire is used to test the reliability and validity of the 54 questionnaires obtained from the pre survey, and the questionnaire is revised according to the results of the model test, and the formal questionnaire is obtained. In the official survey, 6 counties in Jiangxi province were selected and 600 formal questionnaires were issued in rural areas, and 546 valid questionnaires were collected. According to the collected questionnaires, the rural low insurance satisfaction evaluation model of Jiangxi province was tested by the structural equation model, and the weight of the analysis results was used to calculate the satisfaction of rural low insurance in Jiangxi province. The results show that: first, rural low-income households have a positive impact on the perceived satisfaction of rural low insurance. Perceived quality includes policy related aspects and process management. The path coefficients are 0.632 and 0.815 respectively, indicating that improvement in process management can improve satisfaction in policy design, and second, in policy related aspects, Whether it should be guaranteed, the time interval of the two application, the application of the household as a unit, the relatively high path coefficient of the binding policy, which shows that the low insurance system can be amended or perfected in these aspects can make the satisfaction relatively higher; third, in the process of processing, the process is fair, and the efficiency of the path coefficient is relatively higher. It shows that the transparency of the selection process and the process of compressing and evaluating will increase the degree of satisfaction relatively greatly; fourth, the satisfaction of the rural low insurance system is positively affecting the trust and compliance of the system, that is, the more satisfactory the rural low-income households are to the system, the higher the degree of trust and protection to the system, the more specific the psychological trust and the confidence in the system. Fifth, according to the estimated results of the structural equation model, the weight is determined and the satisfaction score of the rural low insurance system in Jiangxi is 67. according to the above research results. In order to further improve the satisfaction of the low insurance households to the rural low insurance system, we suggest that the measures should be taken from four aspects: first, the perfect match with the other social security systems is to be improved. As a result of the various factors of poverty, and the rural low insurance is more to play the "bottom" function, and the precision of the integration of poverty alleviation and integration of the development can help lower the poor the poor; two is to correct and improve the implementation rules of rural low insurance, for example, the time interval of the two application must be applied to the household, and the three is to improve the cost of violation and guarantee. The fairness of the implementation of the system can be considered from two aspects of policy implementation and penalties for violators; four, the use of Internet technology to establish electronic poverty files to improve the accuracy of assistance.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.89

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