转型期农村“空巢”老人养老服务社会支持体系研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 20:53

本文选题：农村 + 空巢老人　；参考：《上海工程技术大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国是世界上最大的发展中国家,20世纪70年代在全国范围内开始实施计划生育政策,我国在经济实力还未达到全民养老的能力条件下,提前进入了老龄化社会。我国社会体制的城乡二元制结构特征使得农村在经济发展和社会保障等多方面均落后于城市。由于农村人口数量多、老龄化程度高以及社保体制不健全,养老问题非常严峻。在我国城市化和工业化进程愈演愈烈的今天,这一问题不仅关系到整体社会的公平和发展,也与实现全面建成小康社会的总体目标休戚相关。因此构筑农村养老服务社会支持体系有着深刻而紧迫的现实意义。近年来,我国现代化和城市化进程加快,大量农村青壮年劳动力进入城市谋求发展。农村主要赡养力量的流失直接导致了农村“空巢老人”现象的出现。空巢老人由于其养老环境的特殊性,相比非空巢老人来说面临的养老压力更甚,而农村空巢老人受地区综合养老条件的限制,更是空巢老人群体中的特殊群体和弱势群体。截止到2012年,我国农村空巢老人数量已愈5000万人,占农村老年人口总数的36.8%。农村空巢老人规模的逐年增加使得其养老问题愈发凸显。在体制转换时期,农村空巢老年人在日常生活中往往面临着来自物质供养、医疗支出以及精神扶养等各方面的压力。而且农村地区社保体制不健全,社会支持力度低,空巢老人很难依靠外界帮扶和救助来安度晚年,如若处理不当,这部分老人就会处于养老保障的真空状态,引发诸多问题。通过研究农村空巢老人的生活条件和他们能够获得的正式和非正式的社会支持,探究支持主体的介入对农村空巢老人养老的影响因素和程度,提出具有针对性的社会支持性措施,从而可以使得农村空巢老人尽快摆脱养老困境,提高个人养老质量,安度晚年。以社会支持为切入点,论文研究了影响农村空巢老人养老生活质量的诸多因素,围绕社会支持在农村养老保障中的角色定位以及如何构建行之有效的农村空巢老人养老社会支持体系展开深入研究。论文在剖析现阶段我国农村空巢老人群体产生原因的基础之上,结合社会支持理论、代际伦理关系理论、公共服务均等化理论以及家庭生命周期理论等,运用社会调查以及数理分析等定性和定量相结合的方法,对调研地农村空巢老人进行问卷调查和深度个案访谈,探寻可供其选择和获取的资源能否达到其生存和发展的目标要求,以及各类社会支持形式在农村空巢老人养老保障体系中的影响程度。最后,论文建构了多元化的农村空巢老人养老保障社会支持体系,并提出具有针对性的对策方案。
[Abstract]:China is the largest developing country in the world. In the 1970s, China began to implement the family planning policy in the whole country. Under the condition that the economic strength has not reached the ability of the whole people to provide for the aged, China has entered the aging society ahead of time. The urban-rural dualistic structure of our social system makes the rural areas lag behind the cities in many aspects such as economic development and social security. Due to the large number of rural population, the high level of aging and the imperfect social security system, the pension problem is very serious. Today, the process of urbanization and industrialization in China is becoming more and more intense. This problem is not only related to the equity and development of the whole society, but also closely related to the realization of the overall goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Therefore, the construction of rural pension service social support system has a profound and urgent practical significance. In recent years, China's modernization and urbanization accelerated, a large number of rural youth labor force into the city to seek development. The loss of main support forces in rural areas leads directly to the phenomenon of "empty nest elderly" in rural areas. Because of the particularity of pension environment, empty-nesters face more pressure than non-empty-nesters, but the rural empty-nesters are restricted by the regional comprehensive pension conditions, which is a special group and a vulnerable group in the empty-nest elderly group. By the end of 2012, the number of empty nesters in rural areas has increased to more than 50 million, accounting for 36.8% of the total rural elderly population. Rural empty nest elderly scale increases year by year make its endowment problem more prominent. In the period of system transformation, the rural empty-nest elderly often face pressure from material support, medical expenditure and mental support in their daily life. Moreover, the social security system in rural areas is not perfect and the social support is low. It is very difficult for the empty-nesters to rely on the outside help and assistance to spend their old age safely. If it is not handled properly, this part of the elderly will be in the vacuum state of old-age security, which will lead to many problems. By studying the living conditions of the rural empty-nesters and the formal and informal social support they can obtain, this paper explores the factors and extent of the influence of the intervention of the support subjects on the rural empty-nest elderly. The paper puts forward targeted social support measures so as to make the rural empty-nest elderly get rid of the dilemma of the aged as soon as possible and improve the quality of the individual pension and spend their old age safely. With social support as the starting point, the paper studies many factors that affect the quality of life of the rural empty-nest elderly. Focusing on the role of social support in rural old-age security and how to build an effective social support system for the elderly in rural empty nest in-depth research. Based on the analysis of the causes of the generation of empty nesters in rural areas at present, the paper combines the theory of social support, the theory of intergenerational ethical relations, the theory of equalization of public services and the theory of family life cycle, etc. Using the methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis such as social investigation and mathematical analysis, this paper makes a questionnaire survey and in-depth case interview on the rural empty-nest elderly. This paper explores whether the resources available for them to choose and obtain can meet the requirements of their survival and development and the influence of various forms of social support on the old-age security system for the rural empty-nest elderly. Finally, the paper constructs a diversified social support system of rural empty-nest old-age security, and puts forward targeted countermeasures.
【学位授予单位】：上海工程技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

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