农业劳动力的代际更替:国有农场案例研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 06:27

本文选题：农业就业 + 国有农场改革　；参考：《劳动经济研究》2017年03期

【摘要】：在计划经济时代,国有农场主要通过政府的强制性分配措施,获得了人力资本水平不亚于非农行业的青壮劳动力。市场取向的经济改革以来,大规模的农业劳动力转移以及独生子女政策实施数年对人口与社会的影响,导致务农劳动力快速老化。国有农场现行的用工制度,未给予非正式职工与正式职工同等的社会经济待遇,对优质年轻劳动力进一步产生了排斥效应。扭转这一状况的关键在于:第一,继续推进国有农场在农地管理、劳动用工制度和社会保障提供等环节上的改革;第二,创造足以提高务农劳动者社会经济地位的制度环境,使农业和非农劳动者在具有同等人力资本水平和工作表现的条件下,有可能获得大体相当的收入和社会保障。这就需要国家采取立法措施,重构农业职业教育和继续教育体系,强化农业人力资本投资。
[Abstract]:In the era of planned economy, state-owned farms obtained the level of human capital no less than that of non-agricultural industries through the compulsory distribution measures of the government. Since the market-oriented economic reform, the large-scale agricultural labor transfer and the effect of the one-child policy on the population and society for several years have led to the rapid aging of the agricultural labor force. The current employment system of the state-owned farm does not give the informal workers the same social and economic treatment as the formal workers, which further produces the exclusive effect on the high-quality young labor force. The key to reversing this situation lies in: first, to continue to promote the reform of state-owned farms in the management of agricultural land, the labor employment system and the provision of social security; and second, to create an institutional environment sufficient to improve the social and economic status of agricultural workers. So that agricultural and non-agricultural workers with the same level of human capital and job performance conditions, it is possible to obtain roughly equal income and social security. Therefore, it is necessary for the state to take legislative measures to restructure the agricultural vocational education and continuing education system and to strengthen the investment of agricultural human capital.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院经济研究所;
【基金】：中国社会科学院经济研究所创新工程项目“公有企业收益共享机制的国际比较”的阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：F323.6

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