中国国家安全视角下的公平正义问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 09:38

【摘要】：多年来党和政府为促进公平正义作出了不懈努力并取得了重大成就,这可以从新中国成立以来的综合国力跃升、经济发展、民生改善及社会事业的蓬勃发展得到佐证。同时,当前中国在经济总量连年递增,政治发展日益进步的前提下,也存在着大量的社会不公平不正义现象,例如腐败、城乡发展差距、贫富差距、社会保障水平落后等一系列问题,这严重影响到了我国的整体发展水平,使得当前中国社会的不公平不正义问题日益凸显,社会矛盾日益积压已成为我国国家安全的首要问题,所以要有力地维护我国的国家安全,目前最为紧迫的问题是解决公平正义问题,而公平正义问题是与以人民安全为宗旨的国家安全问题密切相关的,如果不尽早集中解决这些问题,将会直接留下国家安全的隐患,给外部势力的伺机介入提供可乘之机。解决我国的公平正义问题就有利于解决人民安全和社会安全问题,解决好了人民安全和社会安全问题就等于抓住了解决中国总体安全问题的“牛鼻子”。因此论文从辩证思维和系统思维出发,采取系统平衡研究方法,抓住以人民安全为宗旨和以社会安全为重点的总体国家安全这个主要矛盾,建议在传统和非传统安全,经济发展和社会政策等方面求得动态平衡,以促进公平正义来保障国家安全。论文分为五个部分。导论中首先提出问题,简略介绍了多年来中国国家安全观的发展,公平正义事业的理论和现实进展,论文通过对国外的经验教训进行研究,提出了在总体国家安全成为时代性大趋势的背景下,一国国家安全的威胁主要来自于内部而不是外部,而国家内部的安全威胁主要是因为社会的不公平不正义而导致人的安全受到威胁。同时,当前中国的国家安全正处于传统安全与非传统安全相互交织的过渡阶段,趋势就是总体国家安全变得越来越重要。中国应当既要重视硬实力层面的安全,也要重视软实力层面的安全,而软、硬实力层面的安全宗旨是保障人的安全,人的安全程度反过来影响总体国家安全,体现出部分影响整体,整体大于部分之和的系统特征,这些都需要靠促进公平正义的一系列手段和措施来实现。第一章讲的是公平正义和国家安全的概念及两者之间的相互关系。第二章讲的是多年来党和政府为促进公平正义而作的不懈努力、取得的成就和存在的问题。第三章分析了产生我国公平正义问题的原因。第四章主要讲促进公平正义保障国家安全的建议。第一章论述了在国家安全视角下的公平正义问题的重要性,认为它具有全局性和战略性,应当从系统思维出发,把政治学、社会学意义上的社会公正与国家安全紧密结合起来,从国家安全的战略高度来审视实现社会公正的重要性,认为公平正义会对国家安全造成重大影响,当前中国只有集中精力和时间来解决公平正义问题,才可以有力地维护我国的国家安全。第二章概括介绍了我国在促进公平正义方面所取得的成就和存在的问题。主要介绍党和政府在促进公平正义方面所作的努力及成就,以及我国在公平正义方面仍然存在的主要问题和对国家安全的影响。该章对于我国党和政府多年来在促进全社会的公平正义方面所作出的努力进行了系统介绍,同时也用事实说明当前我国确实存在着大量的社会不公平不正义现象,如果不采取有效措施解决这些问题,势必会威胁到我国的国家安全。第三章从三个方面对当前我国在公平正义方面存在的问题的原因进行了分析,共分为观念原因、国情原因和体制原因三节。首先是观念原因,分为哲学和法学两个层面:(一)哲学层面:对平衡和不平衡发展的不同理解会导致公平正义问题。指出在哲学上对于平衡和不平衡的理解的混乱导致国家发展战略一直无法做到张驰有度,认为从哲学层面来研究和思考世界各国尤其是中国的发展战略得出结论是:当前中国之所以要集中精力解决公平正义问题,恰是对前几十年不平衡发展战略的一种平衡。(二)法学层面:对权力、权利和义务的不同认识和运作也会导致公平正义问题。认为权力、权利和义务的关系的不平衡是导致公平正义问题的观念根源之一,而最佳处理方式就是尽可能使三者处于一种动态平衡状态。其次是国情原因,人口众多,发展不平衡会产生公平正义问题。中国自古以来就人口众多,而且诸多方面发展不平衡,存在着绝对性和相对性短缺两种现象,而这种不平衡的矛盾就是不公平不正义问题的国情因素。因此,正视这种原因的存在才能找到解决问题的正确方式。第三是体制原因,经济和政治体制的不完善也会产生公平正义问题。这是当前我国社会存在着大量不公平不正义问题的重要原因。无论是计划经济模式还是市场经济本身的完善并不能彻底解决公平正义问题,因为经济体制的完善程度与上层建筑的关系非常密切,不能把这两方面孤立起来。同时,当前我国的政治体制还存在着部分权力过于集中的现象,这也是容易产生腐败和导致社会不公现象的根本原因,因此积极推进以政治体制改革为主的各项体制改革势在必行。第四章提出了促进公平正义保障国家安全的对策和建议:一是创新思想观念,以系统平衡方法来认识和处理平衡和不平衡的关系,以动态平衡的观念来看待传统和非传统国家安全,并在经济发展和社会政策之间求得平衡。二是以公平正义凝聚共识推进政治体制改革,完善以保障基本民生为前提的社会保障制度。当前中国正在加强国家综合治理能力和完善国家治理体系,在此背景下,政治体制改革应当在促进社会公平正义的前提下进行,论文对政治体制改革的宗旨、方式和策略方面提出了相关建议。此外,论文还建议我国的社会保障应优先考虑社会中下阶层的利益并实施相关政策。三是正确处理公平正义问题的几个矛盾关系。这里包括三个关系:1.效率与公平的关系。其中效率与公平的矛盾主要是由不平衡的时空条件引起,效率是一个时效性极强的动态概念,公平是一个跨时空的相对静态的概念,效率与公平的区别在于特殊的经济效用与普遍的政治和社会效用的区别。2.绝对公平与相对公平的关系。绝对公平保障基本权利,相对公平保障相对权利,不能把相对公平与绝对公平相混淆。3.促进公平正义与促进经济发展的关系。应将经济效率的特殊效用转变为政治和社会的普遍效用——即公平,此外还应当在政府的经济和社会政策调控这只“看得见的手”和市场经济运行机制这只“看不见的手”之间求得平衡。
[Abstract]:For many years, the party and the government have made unremitting efforts to promote fairness and justice and have made great achievements. This can be evidenced by the comprehensive national strength jump, economic development, the improvement of the people's livelihood and the vigorous development of social undertakings since the founding of new China. There are a large number of social unfair and injustice phenomena, such as corruption, the gap between urban and rural development, the gap between the rich and the poor, the backward social security level and so on. This has seriously affected the overall development level of our country, making the problem of unfair and injustice in the current Chinese society increasingly prominent, and the increasing backlog of social contradictions has become the national security of our country. The most important problem is to maintain the national security of our country. At present, the most urgent problem is to solve the problem of fairness and justice. The problem of fairness and justice is closely related to the national security problem, which is aimed at the security of the people. If we do not concentrate on these problems as soon as possible, it will leave the hidden danger of national security and give it to the outside. In order to solve the problem of people's security and social security, solving the problem of people's security and social security is equal to the "cattle nose" that solves the problem of China's overall security. Therefore, the thesis takes a system from dialectical thinking and systematic thinking. Balance research method, grasp the main contradiction of the overall national security with the purpose of the people's security and the social security as the focus, and propose the dynamic balance in the traditional and non-traditional security, the economic development and the social policy, so as to promote the fairness and justice to guarantee the national security. The thesis is divided into five parts. First, the introduction is put forward. The paper briefly introduces the development of China's national security concept for many years, the theory and reality of the cause of fairness and justice. By studying the experiences and lessons of foreign countries, the paper puts forward that the threat of national security is mainly from internal rather than external, and the internal security is mainly from the internal, but not in the country. At the same time, China's national security is in the transitional phase between traditional security and non-traditional security. The trend is that the overall national security is becoming more and more important. China should pay attention to both the security of the hard power level and the security of the hard power. Pay attention to the security of the soft power level, and the safety tenet of the soft and hard strength level is to guarantee the safety of the human being. The degree of human security in turn affects the overall national security. It embodies a part of the whole system, which is larger than the part of the whole. All these need to be realized by a series of measures and measures to promote fair and positive meaning. The second chapter is about the unremitting efforts made by the party and the government for the promotion of fairness and justice, the achievements and problems that have been made for many years. The third chapter analyzes the reasons for the problem of fairness and justice in our country. The fourth chapter mainly talks about the promotion of fairness and justice to safeguard national security. The first chapter discusses the importance of fairness and justice in the perspective of national security. It is considered to be of a global and strategic point of view. We should combine the political, sociological and social justice closely with the national security from a systematic thinking and examine the importance of social justice from the strategic level of national security. The second chapter introduces the achievements and problems that our country has achieved in promoting fairness and justice. The main introduction of the party and the government is to promote the promotion of our country's security. The efforts and achievements made in the field of fairness and justice, as well as the main problems still existing in our country in the field of fairness and justice and the impact on national security. This chapter systematically introduces the efforts made by the party and the government in promoting the fairness and justice of the whole society for many years, and also shows the fact that our country does exist at the same time. With a large number of social injustice and injustice, if we do not take effective measures to solve these problems, it is bound to threaten the national security of our country. The third chapter analyzes the reasons for the existing problems in our country in the field of fairness and justice from three aspects, which are divided into three aspects of the original cause, the national conditions and the system reasons. The first is the view. The reason is divided into two aspects of philosophy and Law: (1) philosophical level: the different understanding of balanced and unbalanced development leads to the problem of fairness and justice. It is pointed out that the confusion in philosophy on balance and imbalance leads to the failure of the national development strategy to achieve the degree of relaxation, and the study and thinking of the world from the philosophical level. In particular, China's development strategy draws a conclusion that the reason why China is focused on solving the problem of fairness and justice is just a balance for the unbalanced development strategy for the last few decades. (two) the legal level: the different understanding and operation of power, rights and duties will lead to the problem of fairness and justice. The imbalance of the Department is one of the root causes of the problem of fairness and justice, and the best way to deal with it is to make the three in a dynamic balance as far as possible. Secondly, the cause of the national conditions, the large population, and the unbalance of development will produce the problem of fairness and justice. There are two phenomena of the shortage of sex and relativity, and the contradiction of this imbalance is the national condition of the problem of unfair and injustice. Therefore, the correct way to solve the problem can be found in the face of the existence of this reason. Third is the institutional reason, and the imperfection of the economic and political system will also produce the problem of fairness and justice. In a large number of important reasons for unfair and injustice problems, whether the planned economy model or the market economy itself is perfect and can not completely solve the problem of fairness and justice, because the improvement of the economic system is closely related to the superstructure, and the two aspects can not be isolated. At the same time, the political system of our country still exists. The phenomenon that partial power is too concentrated is also the fundamental cause of corruption and social injustice. Therefore, it is imperative to actively promote the reform of the system based on political system reform. The fourth chapter puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the security of the state with the promotion of fairness and justice: first, to innovate the ideas and to balance the system. Methods to understand and deal with the relationship of balance and imbalance, view traditional and non-traditional national security with the concept of dynamic balance, and balance between economic development and social policy. Two is a social security system based on fair justice and consensus to promote political system reform and improve the basic livelihood of the people. In this context, the political system reform should be carried out under the premise of promoting social fairness and justice. In this context, the paper puts forward relevant suggestions on the purpose, mode and strategy of the political system reform. In addition, the paper also suggests that the social security of our country should give priority to the middle and lower society. The interests of the class and the implementation of relevant policies. Three is a few contradictory relations to correctly deal with the problem of fairness and justice. There are three relationships: 1. the relationship between efficiency and fairness. The contradiction between efficiency and fairness is mainly caused by the unbalanced space-time conditions, and efficiency is a dynamic concept with extremely strong timeliness, and fairness is a cross time relative. Static concept, the difference between efficiency and fairness lies in the difference between special economic utility and universal political and social utility.2. absolute equity and relative equity. Absolute equity guarantees basic rights, relative equity guarantees relative rights, and can not confuse.3. with relative equity and absolute fairness to promote fair justice and promote economic development. The special effect of economic efficiency should be transformed into the universal utility of politics and society - that is, equity, in addition to the balance between the government's economic and social policies to regulate this "invisible hand" and the operating mechanism of the market economy.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D61

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