老龄化背景下日本老年护理体系对中国养老服务体系的启示

发布时间：2018-11-17 18:07

【摘要】：随着世界各国的经济增长及科技进步,人类寿命逐渐延长,人口结构正日趋老龄化,这对各国的老年护理体系的构建和完善提出了新的挑战。尽管人口老龄化程度在不同国家和地区存在差异,应对老龄化问题的对策也各有不同,但在全球化背景下,借鉴他国优秀经验,探索适合本国的老年护理制度,可行而且很有必要。日本是老龄化问题最严重的国家之一,在发达国家中,其老龄化速度最快、老龄化指数最高。早在1970年,日本65岁以上老年人口已超过了总人口的7%,迈入了老龄化社会,该比例逐年上升,到2013年已经高达24.1%。在老年人护理问题上,日本也较早地开始了探索。2000年开始实施的《护理保险法》,更是将日本的护理保险制度建设推进了一个新的阶段,在解决庞大的老年人口照料、护理服务需求中发挥着重要的作用。中国在1999年已进入老龄化社会,老年人口的规模及其护理服务等需求在不断增大。中日两国历史上同属一个文化圈,有着相似的养老文化,因此,借鉴日本老年护理体系构建的经验和教训,探索适合我国的老年护理模式,对于建立和健全中国特色的社会保障体系,具有积极的现实意义。本论通过对中日两国老龄化特点及老年护理现状的对比考察,认为当前建立和完善我国的老年护理体系,首先需要制定和完善相关的法律法规;其次,要解决护理能力不足的问题;基于我国当前护理能力不足以及地区差异普遍存在的特点,要推进地区统括护理体系的建成,重视老年人社会适应的指导和扶持以及疾病预防,动员各方面力量,积极应对已经到来的老龄化社会。
[Abstract]:With the economic growth and scientific and technological progress in the world, the human life span is gradually prolonged, and the population structure is aging day by day, which poses a new challenge to the construction and improvement of the nursing system for the elderly in various countries. Although the degree of population aging is different in different countries and regions, and the countermeasures to deal with the problem of aging are different, in the context of globalization, learning from the excellent experience of other countries and exploring the appropriate care system for the elderly in their own country, It is feasible and necessary. Japan is one of the most serious aging countries. Among developed countries, Japan has the fastest aging rate and the highest aging index. As early as 1970, the number of older people over 65 years old in Japan has exceeded 7% of the total population, entering an aging society. The proportion has risen year by year, reaching 24.1% by 2013. On the issue of nursing for the elderly, Japan has also begun to explore earlier. The "Nursing Insurance Law", which was put into effect in 2000, has pushed forward the construction of Japan's nursing insurance system to a new stage, in solving the problem of caring for a large number of elderly people. Nursing service demand plays an important role. China has entered an aging society in 1999, the size of the elderly population and nursing services and other needs are increasing. China and Japan belong to the same cultural circle in history and have similar old-age care culture. Therefore, we should learn from the experiences and lessons of the construction of Japanese geriatric care system, and explore the model of geriatric nursing suitable for our country. For the establishment and improvement of the social security system with Chinese characteristics, has positive practical significance. Based on the comparative investigation of the characteristics of aging in China and Japan and the current situation of geriatric nursing, the author thinks that to establish and perfect the geriatric nursing system of our country at present, we should first formulate and perfect the relevant laws and regulations. Secondly, the problem of insufficient nursing ability should be solved. Based on the characteristics of deficiency of nursing ability and regional differences in China, it is necessary to promote the establishment of regional omnibus nursing system, attach importance to the guidance and support of social adaptation of the elderly and the prevention of diseases, and mobilize various forces. Actively respond to the arrival of an aging society.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R47;D669.6

【相似文献】