瑞典福利国家改革研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 04:52

本文选题：瑞典福利国家改革 + 社会民主主义　；参考：《华中科技大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：长期以来瑞典在福利资本主义世界中占据着重要而特殊的位置。瑞典福利国家通过实施一系列以普享为特征的社会福利政策,使各阶层都被容纳进统一的社会福利体系中,在最大程度上实现了社会团结和公平,因而被誉为社会民主主义福利国家的典型代表。 20世纪90年代初期瑞典福利国家遭遇了前所未有的危机。瑞典传统经济发展模式无法适应新的经济形势而难以维系；瑞典社会民主党下台,信奉新自由主义的右派政党上台执政；高居不下的失业率等。同时,在危机中高标准的社会福利制度所带来的负面效应也开始显现,高福利反而逐渐成为社会经济发展的制约因素。严重的经济、政治和社会综合危机开始动摇瑞典福利国家存在的基础。为了度过危机,瑞典进行了一系列以重新界定国家与个人责任、提高福利供给效率、收缩政府财政支出等为目的的社会福利紧缩改革。通过对瑞典在养老金、社会服务领域、失业保险和医疗保险制度所进行的改革进行深入分析后发现,瑞典90年代初期所进行的社会福利改革具有鲜明的新自由主义特征,瑞典社会民主主义福利国家面临严峻挑战。本文通过运用“非商品化”和“分层化”两个工具,试图探寻瑞典福利国家在经历了90年代初期福利紧缩改革后的变化。通过对1993—2005年期间瑞典福利国家中自由主义、保守主义和社会民主主义因素分别进行测定后发现,瑞典福利国家中自由主义和保守主义因素仍然维持较低的水平,而社会民主主义因素在改革后不但没有减弱还有所加强。这说明瑞典福利国家在经历了90年代的福利紧缩改革后仍然保持了强烈的社会民主主义特性。通过研究发现,随着瑞典福利国家的成熟,以普享为特征的社会福利政策已经成为积极的力量来调整社会阶级之间的关系。普享型的社会福利政策将所有的阶层都容纳进统一的社会福利体系中,因而在全社会的范围内构建起了一种支持福利国家的广泛共同责任；同时,由于成功地将新兴中产阶级也容纳进统一的社会福利体系中,因而避免了在工人阶级和中产阶级之间形成二元化结构,实现了社会团结；另外,政策反馈效应的存在也使福利的紧缩改革难以取得成功。基于上述分析,本文认为在经历了90年代初期的危机和社会福利紧缩改革后,瑞典福利国家并没有丧失其社会民主主义特性,而新自由主义因素的加入能够提高瑞典福利国家总体的社会福利产出效率和供给水平。因此可以认为瑞典福利国家改革是建立在社会民主主义核心价值理念上的新自由主义微调。其目的是使瑞典社会民主主义更好地应对全球化等外部因素以及社会阶层结构的变化、经济发展模式的调整等内部因素的挑战,从而使瑞典社会民主主义福利国家更加具有生命力。
[Abstract]:Sweden has long occupied an important and special position in the world of welfare capitalism. Through the implementation of a series of social welfare policies characterized by universal access, the Swedish welfare state has enabled all sectors to be integrated into a unified social welfare system, thus achieving social solidarity and equity to the maximum extent possible. So it is regarded as the typical representative of the social democratic welfare state. In the early 1990s Sweden's welfare state encountered an unprecedented crisis. Sweden's traditional economic development model can not adapt to the new economic situation and is difficult to maintain; Sweden's Social Democratic Party step down, the neoliberal rightist party comes to power, and the unemployment rate is high. At the same time, the negative effects brought by the high standard social welfare system in the crisis began to appear, and the high welfare gradually became the restricting factor of the social economic development. A serious economic, political and social crisis began to shake the very foundations of Sweden's welfare state. In order to tide over the crisis, Sweden has carried out a series of social welfare austerity reforms aimed at redefining the state and individual responsibilities, improving the efficiency of welfare supply, and shrinking government expenditure. Through the in-depth analysis of the reform of Sweden's pension, social service, unemployment insurance and medical insurance systems, it is found that the social welfare reform carried out in Sweden in the early 1990s has a distinct neoliberal character. Sweden's social-democratic welfare state faces serious challenges. By using the tools of "non-commercialization" and "stratification", this paper attempts to explore the changes of the welfare state in Sweden after the welfare austerity reform in the early 1990s. By measuring the factors of liberalism, conservatism and social democracy in the welfare state of Sweden from 1993 to 2005, it is found that the factors of liberalism and conservatism in the welfare state of Sweden remain at a relatively low level. And social democracy factor not only did not weaken after the reform but also strengthened. This shows that the Swedish welfare state has maintained a strong social democratic character after the welfare austerity reform in the 1990s. It is found that with the maturity of the Swedish welfare state, the social welfare policy characterized by universal enjoyment has become a positive force to adjust the relationship between social classes. The universal social welfare policy incorporates all strata into a unified social welfare system, thus creating a broad shared responsibility to support the welfare state within the entire society; at the same time, By successfully accommodating the emerging middle class into a unified social welfare system, the dual structure between the working class and the middle class was avoided and social solidarity was achieved. The existence of policy feedback also makes it difficult for welfare austerity reform to succeed. Based on the above analysis, this paper argues that the Swedish welfare state has not lost its social democratic character after the crisis in the early 1990s and the reform of social welfare austerity. The addition of neoliberal factors can improve the social welfare output efficiency and supply level of Swedish welfare state as a whole. Therefore, the reform of the Swedish welfare state is a neoliberal fine-tuning based on the core values of social democracy. Its purpose is to enable Swedish social democracy to better respond to the challenges posed by external factors, such as globalization, as well as internal factors such as changes in the structure of social strata and the adjustment of economic development patterns, Thus, the Swedish social democratic welfare state has more vitality.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C913.7

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