南京智残群体及其社会支持研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 12:04

本文选题：智残 + 支持　；参考：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：智残,顾名思义,就是智力残疾,是指智力显著低于一般人水平,并伴有适应行为的障碍。此类残疾是由于神经系统结构、功能障碍,使个体活动和参与受到限制,需要环境提供全面、广泛、有限和间歇的支持。智力残疾包括：在智力发育期间(18岁之前),由于各种有害因素导致的精神发育不全或智力迟滞；或者智力发育成熟以后,由于各种有害因素导致有智力损害或智力明显衰退。” 本文采用质性研究方法中的文献法、参与式观察法、访谈法来研究南京智残群体及其社会支持。笔者利用其实习和做义工的双重身份,得以获得机会,在C托养中心有三个多月的时间参与式观察,并在此期间通过项目研讨会、家长联谊会、境外特殊教育领域专家来宁开展知识讲座,对残联官员、NGO负责人、智残人士家长进行深入访谈搜集资料,对资料进行分析后笔者发现：政府为构建和谐社会对智残群体开始关注,但支持强度和支持功能远远不够；NGO在社会服务领域已发挥越来越重要的作用,但民办智障托养机构仍然面临着生存和发展的困境；部分智残人士家长已不再抱怨命运不公,开始觉悟行动起来“抱团取暖”,成立互助小组,帮助、互助和自助,成立家长联合会,以增强智残人士的社会支持功能,家长会成员或捐款、或出力,正努力创新,呼吁社会关注,全民参与,为智、精障人士寻求就业机会,为智、精障人士生活得有尊严而不遗余力。本文通过六部分对研究内容进行描述：第一部分：前言,阐述了研究源起、研究意义、访谈对象的选择与局限、研究方法。第二部分：相关概念与研究文献,阐述了智残定义及其演变,智力障碍概念的理论架构——支持与支持系统。并对社会支持进行了解释。第三部分：阐述了智残群体的概况,对全国智残群体、南京智残群体进行了概况性描述,并对女性智残人士及智残人士生育问题进行了初步分析。第四部分：阐述了南京社会对智残群体提供的社会支持现状,从政府、家庭、志愿者三方面对社会支持现状进行了描述。第五部分：阐述了南京社会对智残群体提供的社会支持发展问题,通过政府大力创建智残托养中心,社区支持及居家养残,NGO的创新模式,智残家长成立联合会等四个方面进行分析。第六部分：通过研究发现,虽然对智残群体的来源呈多元化趋势,仍有两个突出的问题凸显并给出相应的对策与建议。
[Abstract]:Mental disability, as the name implies, refers to intellectual disability, which is significantly lower than the average person and accompanied by barriers to adaptive behavior. Such disabilities are due to structural and functional disorders of the nervous system that limit individual activity and participation and require comprehensive, extensive, limited and intermittent support from the environment. Intellectual disability includes: mental retardation or retardation due to various harmful factors during intellectual development (up to the age of 18); or mental impairment or apparent decline as a result of a variety of harmful factors after maturity of intellectual development. ". In this paper, the literature method, the participatory observation method and the interview method are used to study the intellectual disability groups and their social support in Nanjing. The author took advantage of his dual status as an intern and a volunteer to obtain the opportunity to have a participatory observation at the C care center for more than three months, and during this period, through the project seminar, the parents' fraternity, Experts in the field of special education from abroad came to Nanjing to give lectures on knowledge and conduct in-depth interviews with officials of the disabled Federation and heads of NGOs and parents of the mentally handicapped to collect information. After analyzing the data, the author finds that the government has begun to pay attention to the mentally disabled group in order to build a harmonious society, but the support intensity and support function are far from enough. NGO has played a more and more important role in the field of social service. However, private institutions for the mentally handicapped still face the dilemma of survival and development. Some parents of the mentally handicapped no longer complain about the unfair fate, and have begun to wake up and "join groups to warm themselves up," and set up mutual aid groups to help, help and help themselves. To strengthen the social support function of the mentally handicapped, parents' association members or donations are working hard to innovate, appeal to the community to pay attention, participate in the whole people, and seek employment opportunities for the mentally handicapped. The mentally handicapped live with dignity and spare no effort. This paper describes the content of the research in six parts: the first part: the preface, the origin of the research, the significance of the study, the selection and limitation of the interview object, and the research methods. The second part: related concepts and research literature, elaborated the definition and evolution of intellectual disability, the theoretical framework of the concept of mental retardation-support and support system. Social support is explained. The third part: the general situation of the mentally disabled group, the general description of the national group and the Nanjing group, and the preliminary analysis of the problem of the female intellectual disability and the problem of the birth of the mentally disabled. The fourth part describes the current situation of the social support provided by Nanjing society to the mentally disabled, and describes the social support from the government, the family and the volunteers. The fifth part: elaborated the social support development question which the Nanjing society provides to the intellectual disabled group, through the government vigorously establishes the intellectual disabled care center, the community support and the home raises the disabled NGO the innovation pattern, Mental disabled parents set up a federation and other four aspects of analysis. In the sixth part, it is found that although there is a trend of diversification to the sources of the mentally handicapped group, there are still two outstanding problems highlighted and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are given.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C916

【参考文献】