弱势儿童权利保护研究
发布时间:2018-07-08 19:24
本文选题:弱势儿童 + 权利 ; 参考:《武汉大学》2011年博士论文
【摘要】:儿童对于社会的发展而言就是代表着未来,是人类历史延续的基础。但儿童对于整个人类社会而言,是弱势的,他们需要整个社会的帮助和保护,特别是那些因身体、身份或所处环境而处于弱势地位的儿童。在过去,儿童在某些情况下是作为家庭财产而存在的,并不能作为权利主体。随后,在启蒙运动中,成人社会才意识到儿童拥有其利益和权利。而进入现代社会后,儿童权利法律体系的构建和发展对儿童的权益提供了全面的保护。如今,我国儿童权利保护工作已经取得具大的成就,一系列的法律法规已经成功实施,但是我们不能否认这一事实即有关弱势儿童权利保护方面,我们还有许多需要完善的地方。 本文分为前言、主体、结论三部分,其中主体部分由五章构成。 第一章是有关弱势儿童权利的概述,分析了弱势儿童权利的一些基本概念。首先,该段分析了弱势儿童由哪些儿童构成,及其主体特性。在某种意义上,弱势儿童可谓社会转型和改革的产物。其次,是对弱势儿童权利历史演进进行了梳理与分析。最后从弱势儿童权利特征上进行论证,证明其作为社会最弱势的群体,应该予以全社会更多的帮助与保护。 第二章是有关弱势儿童权利相关原则的介绍。该部分论证了《儿童权利公约》在儿童权利保护方面所富有的价值以及对儿童公约中所包含的儿童最大利益原则、平等原则、尊重儿童原则、整体保护原则进行了分析。 第三章是有关教育领域中弱势儿童权利保护的分析。对于弱势儿童而言,教育可谓是改变其命运最有效又最为公平的渠道,所以弱势儿童群体的教育问题是其权利实现的一个核心问题。本章对农民工随迁子女、农村留守儿童、落后地区儿童、残疾儿童、女童这样几个教育领域中典型的弱势儿童有关入学机会、教育过程以及教育结果几个方面中遭遇到的不公平以及国家教育资源分配对其的影响进行了剖析。 第四章是有关家庭中儿童权利保护的分析。现如今,家庭对于某些儿童不再是绝对安全和愉悦的地方,那里充斥着对儿童的侵害,儿童的权利主体地位被父母否认,儿童只是父母、家庭的附属品。该章选取离婚家庭中的儿童以及遭受家庭暴力的儿童作为分析对象,论证其权利侵害的类型以及负面影响,并得出结论,即是由于传统家庭伦理关系的影响以及国家法律对家庭中侵权事件的较少干预政策,造成了其侵权的发生。 第五章是有关司法领域中的弱势儿童即未成年罪犯的讨论。在司法中的未成年人亦是属于弱势儿童群体,他们面对的强而有力的国家公权力机关,其弱势是显而易见的。未成年犯罪的形成,并非单纯自身过错,未成年罪犯刑事纠正的目的不是对其惩罚而是帮助其顺利回归社会。因此,本章对国家及社会都应该承担其应有的责任。为了保护未成年人,对未成年犯罪实行与成年人不同的刑事处罚措施,所以本章通过对行刑社会化,尤其是社区矫正以及前科消灭制度进行了分析,以求对未成年罪犯权利保护进行探索。
[Abstract]:For the development of society, children represent the future and the basis for the continuation of human history. But children are disadvantaged for the whole human society. They need the help and protection of the whole society, especially those who are in a weak position because of their body, identity, or environment. In the past, children are in some cases done. In the enlightenment, adult society realized that children had their interests and rights in the enlightenment movement. After entering modern society, the construction and development of the legal system of children's rights provided comprehensive protection for the rights and interests of children. Now, the protection of children's rights has been achieved in our country. Big achievements, a series of laws and regulations have been successfully implemented, but we can not deny the fact that the protection of the rights of vulnerable children, we still have a lot of need to improve.
This article is divided into three parts: preface, main body and conclusion. The main body consists of five chapters.
The first chapter is an overview of the rights of vulnerable children and some basic concepts of the rights of disadvantaged children. First, the paragraph analyzes which children constitute and their main characteristics. In a sense, the disadvantaged children may be the product of social transformation and reform. Secondly, the historical evolution of the rights of the vulnerable children is combed and carried out. Finally, from the perspective of the characteristics of vulnerable children's rights, it is proved that as the most vulnerable group in society, it should give more help and protection to the whole society.
The second chapter is an introduction to the relevant principles of the rights of disadvantaged children. This part demonstrates the value of the Convention on the rights of children in the protection of children's rights, and the principle of the greatest interests of children, the principle of equality, the principle of respect for children and the protection of the whole of the children's convention.
The third chapter is an analysis of the protection of the rights of the vulnerable children in the field of education. For the vulnerable children, education is the most effective and fair channel to change their fate. Therefore, the education of the vulnerable children is a core problem for the realization of their rights. Children, disabled children and girls are the typical disadvantaged children in the fields of education, the unfairness encountered in several aspects of the educational process and the results of education, and the impact of the distribution of national educational resources on them.
The fourth chapter is an analysis of the protection of the rights of children in the family. Nowadays, the family is no longer a place of absolute safety and pleasure for some children. It is full of violations of children, the main position of the rights of children is denied by their parents, the children are only parents and the appendages of the family. This chapter selects children in the divorced families and the families. The violent children, as the analysis object, demonstrate the types and negative effects of their rights infringement, and draw a conclusion that it is due to the influence of traditional family ethics and the less intervention policies of national law on the torts in the family, which has caused the occurrence of its infringement.
The fifth chapter is the discussion about the disadvantaged children in the judicial field, that is, the juvenile delinquency. In the judiciary, the minors are also a group of vulnerable children. The strong and powerful state organs of power they face are obvious. The formation of the juvenile delinquency is not a single fault and the criminal correction of minor criminals. It is not to punish it but to help it to return to society smoothly. Therefore, this chapter should take its due responsibility for the state and the society. In order to protect minors and carry out criminal penalties for juvenile delinquency, this chapter adopts the socialization of execution, especially community correction and the abolition of previous studies. The purpose of the analysis is to explore the protection of juvenile criminals' rights.
【学位授予单位】:武汉大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2011
【分类号】:C913.5
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