感戴行为表现方式及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-01-27 05:20

本文关键词： 感戴感戴行为亏欠感表现方式　出处：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：感戴为中华民族的传统美德,自古就有：“滴水之恩当涌泉相报”,“投之以桃,报之以李”,“知恩图报,善莫大焉”等名言警句,体现感戴在我国有悠久的传统,但心理学对于感戴的研究却较少。本研究先对感戴行为的理论进行分析,希望系统得研究中国人目前对于感戴行为的认知,丰富积极心理学的理论内涵。围绕影响感戴行为的几个重要因素,用实验法进行实证研究。前人研究也对感戴行为的影响因素有理论的论述,认为感戴行为受亏欠感和施恩者的期待影响,但大部分停留在理论阶段,也有运用情境实验区别亏欠感和感戴情绪的,但实验结果受到社会期许性影响大。而且以往没有实验证据直接测量人们的感戴行为。本研究使用在实验室做游戏的实验方法,在一定程度上避免了社会赞许性的影响,具有现实意义。作为教育工作者,明确了感戴行为模式,组织相应活动,引导学生辨别,表达感戴行为,还可根据感戴行为影响因素和理论,研究符合学生身心特点及其发展规律的感戴、感戴行为教学方案和教学目标。让感戴行为传递下去,营造和谐的社会氛围。本研究使用文献法、深度访谈法和实验法。首先,通过讲故事让被访者对感戴行为有所了解。然后,使用访谈提纲探究被访者感戴行为的表现方式。接下来,设计两个实验研究感戴行为的影响因素。实验一：随机选取32名被试,采用两因素被试间设计,自变量一是恩惠程度,分大恩惠、小恩惠两水平,自变量二是受恩状况,分为受恩、不受恩两水平。因变量为被试的感戴情绪、感戴行为。实验二：随机选取36名被试,采用两因素被试间设计,自变量一为是否诱发外显的亏欠感,两个水平是诱发外显亏欠感和不诱发外显亏欠感。自变量二为是否索要回报,两个水平分别是索要回报和不索要回报。因变量为被试的亏欠感、感戴情绪和感戴行为。研究结果表明： 1.访谈发现感戴行为的表现方式根据载体的不同,分为无形的精神和有形的物质,无形的感戴行为主要是指给予表扬,鼓励,言语上的褒奖,宣传或者是提供更好的社会发展机会等；有形的物质化感戴行为是指给予金钱等实物。 2.感戴行为受恩惠大小影响,随恩惠增加感戴行为增加。得到大恩惠的被试比小恩惠的被试感戴行为更多,F(1,28)=6.60,p0.05。 3.感戴行为受受助者的亏欠感和捐助者是否向受助者索要回报的影响。亏欠感增加,感戴行为增加,诱发亏欠感的被试比未诱发亏欠感的被试感戴行为更多,F(1,28)=6.60,p0.05。被索要回报的被试比未被索要回报的被试,感戴情绪下降,感戴行为减少,F(1,28)=9.25,p0.01。
[Abstract]:Feeling is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. Since ancient times, there have been famous aphorisms, such as: "the love of the dripping water should be returned to the spring", "cast with the peach, return with the Li", "know the thanks and return the reward, and be kind and generous" and other famous aphorisms. There is a long tradition in our country, but there is little psychological research on the perception of wearing. The first part of this study is to analyze the theory of sensory wearing behavior, hoping to systematically study the Chinese people's current perception of perceived wearing behavior. Enrich the theoretical connotation of positive psychology. Around several important factors affecting the behavior of wearing, empirical research with the experimental method. Previous studies also have a theoretical discussion of the factors affecting the behavior of feeling and wearing. It is believed that the behavior of sensual wearing is influenced by the sense of deficiency and the expectation of the benefactor, but most of them stay in the theoretical stage, and there are some cases where the sense of deficiency and the emotion of feeling and wearing are distinguished by situational experiments. However, the experimental results are greatly affected by social expectations. And there is no experimental evidence to directly measure the behavior of people. This study uses the experimental method of playing games in the laboratory. To some extent, it avoids the influence of social approbation and has practical significance. As an educator, it clarifies the behavior pattern of feeling and wearing, organizes corresponding activities, and guides students to distinguish and express the behavior of feeling and wearing. According to the influencing factors and theories of the behavior of sensual wearing, the author can study the teaching scheme and teaching goal of the behavior of sensual wearing according to the characteristics of students' body and mind and their development law, so that the behavior of feeling and wearing can be transmitted. Create a harmonious social atmosphere. This study uses literature, in-depth interviews and experimental methods. First, through telling stories to let the interviewees have some understanding of the behavior of wearing. Then, using the interview outline to explore the expression of the behavior of the respondents. Next. Two experiments were designed to study the influencing factors of the behavior of feeling and wearing. Experiment 1: 32 subjects were randomly selected and designed between the two factors. The independent variable was the degree of favor, which was divided into two levels: big favor and small favor. The independent variable is the state of acceptance, which is divided into two levels. Dependent variable is the emotion and behavior of the subjects. Experiment 2: 36 subjects were randomly selected and designed by two factors. Independent variable one is whether to induce explicit deficit, the two levels are induced explicit deficit and do not induce explicit deficit, and independent variable two is whether to ask for a return. The two levels were asking for reward and not asking for return. Dependent variables were the subjects' sense of deficit, emotion and behavior. The results showed that: 1. According to the different carriers, the expression of the behavior of feeling and wearing is divided into invisible spirit and tangible material. The invisible behavior of feeling and wearing mainly refers to praise, encouragement and verbal praise. Publicity or providing better opportunities for social development; Tangible material sense of wearing behavior is to give money and other things. 2. The behavior of feeling and wearing is affected by the size of favor, and the behavior of feeling and wearing increases with the increase of favor. 3. The perception of wearing behavior is affected by the recipient's sense of gratitude and whether the donor demands returns from the recipient... the sense of deficit increases, and the perception of wearing behavior increases. The subjects with induced deficit were more likely to wear behavior than those who did not. The subjects who were asked for return were lower in feeling and wearing emotion than those who were not asked for return. The behavior of sensual wear was reduced by 9.25% p0.01.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848

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