时距知觉受空间知觉影响的机制研究：主观大小与客观大小的区分

发布时间：2018-01-29 10:51

本文关键词： 艾宾浩斯错觉注意时间知觉　出处：《华东师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：数量理论(A theory of magnitude)认为有一个普遍性的数量系统存在于我们的认知系统中,空间、时间和数量是数量系统的主要成分,并且时间、空间和数量具有共同的加工机制,时间估计和数量估计具有相似且部分共享的累加原则。很多研究发现与时间任务无关的空间信息、数量信息影响时间知觉,大圆或长距离引起时间高估,小圆或短距离引起时间低估,大数字引起时间高估,小数字引起时间低估,证实了数量理论。模式控制理论从时间和数量共用起搏器这个方面解释了数量对时间的干扰,注意闸门理论则认为注意资源对时间任务和非时间任务的分配影响了时间知觉的判断。需要说明的是,前人的研究多集中于探讨客观数量对时间知觉的影响,鲜有研究关注主观数量对时间知觉的影响。艾宾浩斯错觉(Ebbinghaus illusion)指大小相同的圆,被大圆包围时显得比被小圆包围时大,其中外周的圆被称为诱导圆,中间的圆被称为测验圆。本研究通过艾宾浩斯错觉的方法,改变圆形的主观大小,探讨主观大小对时间知觉的影响,并进一步考察注意指向是否与这种影响有关。实验一发现在大诱导圆条件下(测验圆主观小)引起时间低估,小诱导圆条件下(测验圆主观大)引起时间高估,复制了前人的研究结果。实验二和三以带有数字的艾宾浩斯错觉图形为材料,采用双任务范式,要求被试完成时间判断任务后,对诱导圆内(实验二)或测验圆内(实验三)的数字进行奇偶判断,改变被试的注意指向,实验二和实验三都发现主观大小优先对时间知觉产生影响,其中实验二中诱导圆内的数字有影响时间知觉的趋势,实验三中的数字对时间知觉无影响,说明人们对时间知觉的判断更多依赖于知觉到的大小。前三个实验都发现了主观大小对时间知觉的稳定影响,实验四以一元、一角硬币图为大小诱导圆材料,五角硬币图为测验圆材料,探讨具有固定心理量值的数量对时间知觉的影响,结果发现主观大小对时间知觉无影响,说明人们对时间知觉的判断更多受到知识和经验的影响,而不是知觉到的大小。
[Abstract]:A theory of quantity theory holds that there is a universal quantitative system in our cognitive system, space. Time and quantity are the main components of the quantitative system, and time, space and quantity have the same processing mechanism. Time estimation and quantitative estimation have similar and partially shared accumulative principle. Many studies have found that spatial information independent of time task, quantitative information affects time perception, large circle or long distance causes time overestimation. Small circles or short distances cause time underestimation, large numbers cause time overestimation, and small numbers cause time underestimations. The theory of mode control explains the interference of quantity to time from the aspect of time and quantity sharing pacemakers. Attention gate theory holds that the allocation of attention resources to time tasks and non-time tasks affects the judgment of time perception. Few studies have focused on the effect of subjective numbers on time perception. The Ebbinghaus illusions refer to circles of the same size. The outer circle is called the induced circle and the middle circle is called the test circle. This study changes the subjective size of the circle by the method of the Albinhaus illusion. To explore the influence of subjective size on time perception, and further investigate whether attention point is related to this effect. Experiment 1 found that under the condition of large induced circle (subjective small test circle), the time is underestimated. Under the condition of small induced circle (the subjective test circle is large), the time is overestimated, and the results of previous studies are replicated. Experiments two and three are based on the figure of the Albinhaus illusion with numbers, and adopt the two-task paradigm. After the participants were asked to complete the task of time judgment, the numbers in the induced circle (experiment 2) or the test circle (experiment 3) were judged even and odd, and the attention direction of the subjects was changed. Both experiment 2 and experiment 3 found that subjective size preference had an effect on time perception. In experiment 2, the number in the circle had a tendency to influence time perception, while the number in experiment 3 had no effect on time perception. The results show that the judgment of time perception is more dependent on the size of perception. The first three experiments found the stable effect of subjective size on time perception. The pentagonal coin chart was used as the test material to explore the effect of the quantity of fixed psychological value on time perception. The results showed that the subjective size had no effect on time perception. It shows that people's judgment of time perception is more influenced by knowledge and experience than by the size of perception.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842.2

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