权力对性客体化的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 18:00

本文关键词： 权力性客体化倒置效应构型性加工分析性加工　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：性客体化是指就女性的身体或身体部分或性功能来评价女性,进而将这些身体或身体部分的组合视为工具或能够代表女性本身。一旦被客体化,女性就会仅仅被视为供别人使用或娱乐的身体或身体部分,而忽略其人性或人格特点。女性是客体化的主要目标,男性是客体化的主体。迄今为止,已有研究发现在西方文化背景中性客体化现象普遍存在,且有研究者指出由于文化规范的不同,在西方文化背景中普遍存在的性客体化现象,在东方文化背景中较少出现。性客体化经历会促进女性自我客体化,进而给女性给来许多负面影响。研究者指出,权力能够促进个体客体化他人。在心理学中,权力是指影响或控制别人或管理重要资源或实施奖赏和惩罚的能力。拥有权力能够激活个体的接近倾向,进而产生关注奖赏、逃避惩罚的行为,而这些行为仅仅用于满足高权力者的个人目的,将目标客体视为达到个人目的的工具,即权力产生客体化倾向。另外,权力线索的传递及表达方式对个体的社会认知可能会产生不同的影响。尽管已往研究已经证明了客体化的存在,但已有研究多在西方文化背景中进行,中国文化基于儒家文化的背景,持相对保守的性态度及相对严格的上下级态度。那么在中国文化背景中,高权力感个体相比低权力感个体是否会更倾向于性客体化他人?这是本研究希望探讨的问题之一。另一方面,性客体化作为一种性别压迫,体现了一种性别歧视态度。当权力线索以不同方式(内隐,外显)呈现时,权力对性客体化的影响是否会有显著不同?这是本研究希望探讨的第二个问题。此外,本研究运用ERP技术,采用倒置效应范式来探讨权力对个体性客体化影响的脑机制。实验一,通过权力经历回忆法给被试呈现外显权力线索操纵被试的权力感,采用倒置效应范式,收集被试再认性感刺激图片的正确率和反应时。实验结果发现,高权力组被试再认性感女性目标时,没有倒置效应出现,表明个体更多采用分析性加工方式加工性感女性目标,有性客体化现象;再认性感男性目标时,有倒置效应出现,表明个体更多采用构型性加工方式加工性感男性目标,没有性客体化。低权力组和控制组被试也没有性客体化现象出现。实验二,通过权力词汇搜索范式向被试呈现内隐权力线索操纵被试的权力感,同样采用倒置效应范式。实验结果发现,被试再认性感女性和男性目标时,都有倒置效应出现,表明被试再认性感男性和女性目标时,均更多采用构型性加工方式,没有性客体化。权力线索内隐呈现时,个体的权力感作用不显著。实验三,通过事件相关电位技术(ERP)采用倒置效应范式来探讨个体识别性感人物目标时权力所起作用的脑机制。以不同权力条件下不同刺激条件诱发的N170成分波幅和潜伏期的变化作为倒置效应的指标。实验结果发现,对高权力组被试来说,正立男性刺激图片与倒立男性刺激图片诱发的N170波幅出现了显著差异,即有倒置效应出现,没有性客体化现象;而正立女性刺激图片和倒立女性刺激图片诱发的N170波幅没有显著差异,即没有倒置效应出现,有性客体化现象。低权力组被试则没有该效应出现。本研究表明,中国文化背景中存在高权力个体对女性目标的性客体化。然而,权力线索的传递和呈现方式作用显著。外显权力线索对个体性客体化认知的影响可能大于内隐权力线索。通过ERP技术,本研究为性客体化现象的存在提供了电生理学证据。权力与性客体化都是日常生活中的普遍现象,探明权力对个体客体化认知的影响,有利于指导个体,尤其是工作中的女性个体规避性客体化带来的负面影响,进而更好地工作、生活。
[Abstract]:The object refers to the female body or body part or function to evaluate the combination of these women, the body or parts of the body as a tool or to represent the women themselves. Once objectified, women will only be regarded as for others to use or entertainment in the body or body part, and ignore the human nature or personality characteristics. Women are the main object of the male is the main object. So far, it has been found that generally exists in the Western cultural background neutral object phenomenon, and some researchers have pointed out that due to the different cultural norms, sexual objectification is a common phenomenon in Western cultural background, there is less in the East cultural background. Sexual objectification experience will promote female self objectification, and for women to many negative effects. Researchers pointed out that the power to promote the individual object of others. In psychology, right Power refers to the ability to influence or control others or management important resources or the implementation of reward and punishment. Has the power to activate the individual close tendency, which gives rise to attention reward, escape punishment behavior, and these behaviors only to meet the high power of the individual, will target customer stereo in order to achieve personal purpose, i.e. the power generating object orientation. In addition, the transfer of power leads and expression of individual social cognition may produce different effects. Although previous studies have proved that the object exists, but the existing studies in the cultural background of the west, Chinese culture based on Confucian culture background, a relatively conservative attitude and the relatively strict subordinate attitude. So in Chinese cultural background, high sense of power compared to low power individuals whether individuals will be more inclined to the object of this study is the others? One of the hopes of discussion. On the other hand, the object as a kind of gender oppression, embodies a sexist attitude. When the power leads in different ways (implicit and explicit) present, whether power affect of object will be significantly different? This is the second issue of this research and look on. In addition, the use of ERP technology, using the inversion effect paradigm to investigate the brain power mechanism to influence individual object. Experiment one, through the power of experience recall method showing the participants explicit power cues were manipulated the sense of power, the inversion effect paradigm, collect the recognition of sexual stimulation the picture of the correct rate and reaction time. The experimental results show that the high power group is the recognition of sexy women's goal, no inversion effect, that more individuals adopt analytical processing methods and processing of sexy women, sexual object recognition phenomenon; Sexy male target, with inversion effect, the configuration of individual shows more processing processing sexy men, no object. Low power group and control group subjects did not appear the phenomenon of object. In experiment two, subjects were presented to the search paradigm of implicit power cues were manipulated by the sense of power the power of words, using the same inversion effect paradigm. Experimental results show that the recognition of sexy female and male target, have inversion effect, show that the recognition of sexy men and women are more objective, using configuration processing, no object. The power of implicit clue is present, individual the sense of power is not significant. In experiment three, the event-related potentials (ERP) to explore the individual identification of target power sexy figure brain mechanism by inversion effect paradigm. With different power conditions Change with stimulation of N170 component amplitude and latency conditions induced by the inversion effect as index. The experimental results showed that the high power group, male images and pictures induced stimulation of upright inverted N170 amplitude male stimuli showed significant differences, the inversion effect is, no sexual objectification and upright female phenomenon; pictures and pictures in the inverted female stimulation induced N170 amplitude had no significant difference, there is no inversion effect, sexual objectification. Low power group is not the effect. The research shows that the existence of the object of high power of individual targets for women of Chinese cultural background. However, the transfer of power leads and the way of presenting significant effect. The explicit influence power of individual cognitive object cues may be greater than the implicit power leads. Through ERP technology, the research object of the phenomenon of existence Provide electrophysiological evidence. Power and sexual objectification is a common phenomenon in daily life, explore the influence of power on the individual object of cognition, to guide the individual, especially the negative impact in the work of individual women to avoid sexual objectification brings, and better work and life.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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