自我复杂性与心境一致性的关系研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 22:01

  本文关键词： 自我复杂性 心境一致性效应 抑郁 生活事件压力　出处：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：Linville的自我复杂性作为最具影响力的自我结构模型,被广泛应用于包括抑郁等消极情绪在内的心理调节研究中。自我复杂性模型认为个体在自我复杂性水平存在的差异在一定程度上决定了个体对抑郁等消极情绪的易感性。具体而言,两个自我维度间的联系越紧密,情绪和想法越可能由其中一个扩散到另一个维度上。大部分人都会受到消极事件带来的情绪影响,这些消极结果可能会导致内分泌或免疫系统失调等不良的生理反应,从而影响个人的身心健康。而自我维度的高数量和低关联(高自我复杂性)能通过限制受影响的自我范围而缓冲(buffer)压力事件后可能带来的不良影响。心境一致性效应是指“与编码或提取时的情绪状态具有相同情感效价的材料会对编码与提取起促进作用”。然而这一效应所得的研究结果并不一致,一些研究(Paunovic,Lundh,2002；Russo et al.,2006；Goeleven,RaedtBaert,2006)提供了实证支持,但有些研究(LangCraske,1997:Caseley,GemarSegal,2001；Steffen,GlascherBrassen,2005)不仅没有得到这一结果甚至显示出相反的结论(心境不一致效应)。当前的心境一致性效应解释理论,如联想网络模型,侧重探讨情绪与记忆的一一对应关系,忽视了情境与个人因素的作用。同时,纵观心境一致性效应的研究,大都以非常态群体为研究对象,其结果很难应用于常态群体。鉴于自我在理解个体情绪认知的关键作用,尤其是自我结构在心理调节中的重要影响,有必要考察自我结构对心境一致性效应的影响。 本研究的目的在于基于积极心理学的研究取向,针对学术界对自我复杂性模型存在的争议,采用改进的方法,试图探讨自我复杂性与心境一致性效应的关系,分为三个研究： 研究一,采用问卷调查,考察自我复杂性的特征、生活事件压力及抑郁水平。结果显示：总自我复杂性与生活压力事件及抑郁呈正相关,且自我复杂性对抑郁有显著的回归预测作用。总自我复杂性包括积极和消极自我复杂性两个成分,无论是积极自我复杂性还是消极自我复杂性,它们均对抑郁有显著的相关和预测作用；对生活事件压力而言,只有消极自我复杂性存在显著相关与预测作用,而积极自我复杂性不存在相关与预测作用。 研究二考察积极或消极心境诱发下,自我复杂性与心境一致性效应的关系。采用2(自我复杂性：高vs.低)x2(心境：积极vs.消极)被试间实验设计,以回忆事件(记忆提取)作为心境一致性效应的指标。结果表明：自我复杂性水平不同的人在心境一致性效应上存在差异。自我复杂性水平较低的人表现出心境一致性效应：在消极心境下,自我复杂性水平越低的人回忆起来的事件也越消极；在积极心境下,自我复杂性水平越低的被试回忆起来的事件也越积极。自我复杂性较高的被试在回忆事件没有出现心境一致性效应。验证了Linville关于自我复杂性情绪缓冲效应的理论假设。 研究三考察积极或消极心境诱发下,自我复杂性水平不同的人在解释判断上是否存在心境一致性效应。采用2(自我复杂性：高vs.低)x2(心境：积极vs.消极)被试间实验设计,实验任务为新闻标题情感效价评定。结果显示：自我复杂性水平较低的人表现出心境一致性效应-—自我复杂性水平越低随着心境影响的新闻情感效价评定波动也越火；自我复杂性较高的被试在不同心境下对积极或中性新闻标题显示出心境一致性效应,但对消极新闻标题的效价评定差异不显著。 综合以上三个研究得出结论：(1)自我复杂性由积极自我复杂性和消极自我复杂性两个独立成分构成,它们分别对抑郁和生活压力事件有着不同的影响：消极自我复杂性能显著预测生活事件压力与抑郁,是与生活事件压力和抑郁有关的特质,也就是说,消极自我复杂性越高,生活事件压力就越大,抑郁水平也越高。积极自我复杂性与生活事件压力不相关,但与抑郁呈负相关,也就是说,积极自我复杂性越高,抑郁水平就越低。(2)自我复杂性越低的人越容易出现心境一致性效应,而自我复杂性高的人没有受到心境一致性效应的影响,说明高自我复杂性能在消极心境下提取较积极的生活事件(心境不一致回忆),受心境影响的波动较少。证实对于具有高自我复杂性的个体而言,多样性的自我知识结构有可能作为一种调节器,使得个体能够在消极的心境状态下提取出积极的回忆,缓解消极心境的影响。
[Abstract]:Linville self structure complexity as the most influential self model, is widely used in the study include depression and other negative emotions, psychological adjustment. Self complexity model shows that the difference in the level of individual self complexity determine the susceptibility to depression and other negative emotions in a certain extent. Specifically, the two dimensions of self the more closely linked, emotions and ideas by one of the more likely spread to another dimension. Most people will be affected by the negative events bring emotions, these negative results may lead to endocrine or immune system disorders and other adverse physiological responses, thus affecting the individual's physical and mental health and self dimension high. The number and low correlation (high self complexity) can be affected by limiting the scope of self and buffer (buffer) may have adverse effects after stressful events. Exit consistency effect refers to "have the same valence and encoding or extract the emotional state of the material will promote the encoding and retrieval functions. However this effect research results are not consistent, some studies (Paunovic, Lundh, 2002; Russo et al., 2006; Goeleven, RaedtBaert, 2006) to provide the empirical support, but some studies (LangCraske, 1997:Caseley, GemarSegal, Steffen, 2001; GlascherBrassen, 2005) is not only the results without even showing the opposite conclusion (mood congruent effect). The theory of mood congruent effect the current interpretation, such as Lenovo network model, corresponding relationship of emotion and memory ignore, situational and personal factors. At the same time, in the study of mood congruency effect, mostly in the non normal group as the research object, the results are difficult to be used in normal group. In view of the self In understanding the key role of individual emotion cognition, especially the important influence of self structure in psychological adjustment, it is necessary to investigate the influence of self structure on the effect of mood congruency.
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between self complexity and mood consistency effect based on the research orientation of positive psychology, aiming at the controversy over the self complexity model in the academic field, which is divided into three studies.
The study, by questionnaire, to investigate the characteristics of self complexity, stressful life events and depression level. The results showed that the total self complexity and stressful life events and depression are positively correlated, and self complexity had a significant regression prediction effect on depression. The total self complexity including positive and negative self complexity two components, both positive self the complexity or negative self complexity, they are relevant and significant predictors of depression; the pressure of life events, there is a significant correlation and prediction of only negative self complexity, and positive self complexity there is no correlation and prediction function.
Study two examines the positive or negative mood induced, the relationship between self complexity and mood congruency effect. By 2 (self complexity: high vs. low X2 (mood): positive vs. negative) between subjects design, with memories of the event (memory) as the mood congruency effect index. The results show that the existence of self the level of complexity of different people in the mood congruency effect difference. Self complexity lower levels were shown mood congruency effect: in the negative mood, the lower the level of self complexity people recall more negative events; in positive mood, self complexity lower level participants recall events more positive. High self complexity there is no mood congruent effect appeared in the memories of the event. To verify the theoretical assumptions about the complexity of the buffering effect of Linville self emotion.
Study three examines the positive or negative mood induced by different levels of complexity, self existence mood congruent effect whether in the interpretation of the judgment. The 2 (self complexity: high vs. low X2 (mood): positive vs. negative) between subjects design, the task was the news title of emotional titer evaluation. Results showed that: self complexity low levels showed a mood congruent effect - self complexity lower levels with the effects of mood news valence fluctuations more fire rating; self complexity subjects in different mood of positive or neutral news headline shows the mood congruency effect, but no significant difference on the potency assessment of Title negative news.
缁煎悎浠ヤ笂涓変釜鐮旂┒寰楀嚭缁撹�猴迹�

本文编号：1477337