不同发展阶段学生的后悔心理与责任感、认知方式、人格特质的关系研究

发布时间：2018-02-04 13:53

本文关键词： 特质责任感认知方式人格特质　出处：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：后悔是人们常常提及的情绪之一,通常认为后悔是人们做错事情之后而产生懊悔的一种情绪。心理学家最早也认为后悔是一种消极的情绪体验,并在反事实思维框架下对后悔情绪的程度展开研究。后来有研究者认为后悔不仅是一种消极情绪,也是一种包含认知功能的高级情感状态,而且对个体的自我认知和发展具有一定的积极作用,能够促进个体人格的发展和完善。近年来有学者从人格倾向方面对后悔进行了研究,认为后悔可能是一种稳定的人格倾向,并把后悔心理分为后悔倾向和后悔反应。对于后悔心理是一种情绪情感状态还是一种人格倾向,目前尚有争议。该论文从人格倾向方面对后悔心理进行了探究,将后悔心理分为两个组成部分：特质后悔,即个体易于认识到或想象出如果先前采取其他行为,其结果会更好,并容易伴随负性情绪体验的一种持久而稳定的人格特征；二是选择性后悔,即针对特定领域或情景的后悔反应。在此基础上对后悔量表和责任感量表进行了修订,使其更适合中国的被试。最后采用修订后的后悔量表和责任感量表探究了后悔心理与责任感、认知方式以及人格特质的关系。该论文的被试主要来自贵州、陕西和河南的高中生以及高校的本科生、研究生,共2034名。其中男生858名,女生1176名。该论文做了两个方面的研究：第一修订了后悔量表和责任感量表；第二采用修订后的后悔量表和责任感量表对不同发展阶段的学生的后悔心理、责任感进行了调查,并尝试探讨了影响后悔心理的因素及其与后悔心理的关系。该论文的第一部分修订了后悔量表和责任感量表,删除了降低后悔量表和责任感量表信效度的题目。修订后的后悔量表和责任感量表具有良好的信度和效度,适合不同发展阶段的中国学生。正式施测的结果分析发现：不同发展阶段学生的后悔心理、责任感、认知方式以及人格特质均存在显著的性别差异和年级差异,其中在性别方面的差异：在后悔心理方面,女生的得分显著高于男生(特质后悔：t=-2.00,p0.01；选择性后悔：t=-2.15,p0.05)。在责任感方面：男生的责任感平均得分显著高于女生,(t=3.24,p0.001).认知方式变量上：男生在直觉分析维度上的得分显著高于女生(t=2.85,p0.01),男生在言语表象维度上的得分显著高于女生(t=-5.17,p0.01)。在人格特质变量上：男生在在内外倾和精神质维度上的得分高于女生(t=5.17,p0.01t=2.47,p0.05),而女生在神经质维度的得分高于男生(t=-3.51,p0.01)；在年级方面,特质后悔、选择性后悔存在显著差异(F(5,2028)=3.6000, F (5,2028)=4.464,p0.01)；个体责任感的差异显著(F(5,2028)=4.429,p0.01); 不同发展阶段学生的后悔心理与人格特质、责任感、认知方式有显著相关；个体的责任感、精神质、神经质对后悔心理有显著的预测作用。该论文的结论：(1)女生更容易出现后悔反应,后悔反应经过长期累积,可能会形成一种稳定的倾向,即特质后悔。 (2)存在后悔的事情中,个体意识到的责任感越强,后悔反应越强烈。 (3)具有直觉型认知方式的个体在做选择和决策时易于冲动,事后容易产生选择性后悔。 (4)个体的人格特质能够预测个体的选择性后悔。而个体对出现后悔反应的事件进行反思时,后悔又能够促进其人格特质的成熟与完善。
[Abstract]:Regret is one of the emotions that people often refer to . It is often thought that regret is a feeling of regret after people do something wrong . Psychologists first think that regret is a negative emotion experience , and studies the degree of regret emotion in the framework of anti - factual thinking . This paper probes into the regret psychology from the perspective of personality , and divides the regret psychology into two parts : the trait regrets , that is , the individual is easy to realize or imagine that if other actions were taken before , the result would be better , and it would be easy to accompany the negative emotion experience . This thesis is mainly from high school students in Guizhou , Shaanxi and Henan , and undergraduate and graduate students in colleges and universities . There are 858 males and 1176 females . The thesis has two aspects : first revised Regret Scale and Responsibility Scale ; Second , the revised Regret Scale and Sense of Responsibility Scale were used to investigate the regret psychology and responsibility of students at different stages of development . The first part of this paper revised the regret scale and responsibility scale , deleted the topic of reducing the validity of regret scale and responsibility scale . The revised regret scale and responsibility scale have good reliability and validity , which are suitable for Chinese students at different stages of development . The results of formal test showed that there were significant differences in sex and grade between students ' regret psychology , responsibility , cognitive style and personality traits in different developmental stages . Among them , there was a significant difference in gender : the scores of girls were significantly higher than that of boys in regret psychology ( t = - 2.00 , p0.01 ; selective regret : t = - 2.15 , p . 05 ) . In the sense of responsibility : the average male responsibility score was significantly higher than that of girls ( t = 3.24 , p0.001 ) . Cognitive style variables : the scores of boys in the intuitive analysis dimension were significantly higher than that of girls ( t = 2.85 , p0.01 ) , and the scores of boys in the dimension of speech recognition were significantly higher than that of girls ( t = - 5.17 , p0.01 ) . In personality traits , the scores of male students in extroversion and spiritual dimension were higher than that of girls ( t = 5.17 , p0.01 t = 2.47 , p0.05 ) , while the scores of girls in the neuroticism dimension were higher than that of boys ( t = - 3.51 , p0.01 ) ; In the first grade , there were significant differences ( F ( 5,2028 ) = 3.6000 , F ( 5,2028 ) = 3.6000 , F ( 5,2028 ) = 4.464 , p0.01 ) ; the difference of individual responsibility was significant ( F ( 5,2028 ) = 4.429 , p0.01 ) ; The regret psychology of students in different stages of development is related to personality traits , responsibility and cognitive style ; individual responsibility , spirit and neuroticism have a significant predictive role in regret psychology . The conclusion of this paper : ( 1 ) The female students are more likely to regret the reaction , regret that the reaction has been accumulated for a long period of time , and may form a stable tendency , that is , the trait regrets . ( 2 ) In the event of regret , the stronger the sense of responsibility of the individual , the stronger the regret reaction . ( 3 ) Individuals with an intuitive cognitive style tend to be impulsive when making choices and decisions , and they tend to regret it afterwards . ( 4 ) The individual ' s personality traits can predict the individual ' s selective regret .

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848

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