认知风格对范畴三段论推理影响的实验研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 02:07

本文关键词： 范畴三段论推理场依存者场中间者场独立者　出处：《江西师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着研究人格与认知之间关系的深入，很多学者开始注意到认知风格与认知领域类诸如记忆、情绪状态等的联系。范畴三段论推理作为人类高级认知加工过程，类属于演绎推理，是由两个包含共同项的前提和一个结论组合而成的推理形式。考察被试推理情况的方式有很多，其中结论评估方式是运用较为广泛的方式之一，该方法要求被试对已}f的结论进行判断，看其可否能由前提合乎逻辑的推出。认知风格在人格领域和认知领域中都有所覆盖，一般被用作研究个体差异的标准。在综合认知风格和范畴三段论推理研究的基础上，调查认知风格在多大程度上影响大学生进行范畴三段论推理。被试为192名大学生且均未学过逻辑学课程，采用3×2×2的三因素混合实验设计，其中认知风格（场依存型、场中间型、场独立型）是被试间变量，范畴三段论推理题目类型（抽象符号题目、具体内容题目）和逻辑状态（逻辑有效状态、逻辑无效状态）是被试内变量。根据范畴三段论一般规则的判定标准，被试在范畴三段论推理题的正确作答得分为因变量。实验结果说明：（1）认知风格的主效应显著，场依存型、场中间型和场独立型人格在范畴三段论推理总成绩上存在显著差异，但性别差异不显著；（2）认知风格影响被试在不同三段论推理题目类型上的成绩，在抽象符号推理上，场独立者成绩最佳，中间者次之，依存者最差；在具体符号推理上，场依存者成绩最佳，独立者次之，依存者最差；（3）认知风格影响被试在不同逻辑状态下的成绩，且这种影响在逻辑有效状态下表现更为明显；（4）在抽象逻辑有效、抽象逻辑无效、具体逻辑有效、具体逻辑无效四种题目类型中，认知风格都影响着被试的作答成绩。本实验能够得出三点结论：（1）场独立者的逻辑推理能力整体来看优于场依存者，但在与周围线索相关的题目上不如场依存者；（2）场中间者在任何推理题上似乎具有独特的优势，其成绩较高且差距不大，呈现稳定性；（3）人们都倾向于对推理题做肯定性分析，因而在逻辑有效状态下的成绩要好于无效状态下的；（4）在成年期之前进行逻辑状态的训练也许能够缩小三种认知风格的差异，应重点对场依存型人格的推理成绩进行培养，如果在不同的情境下激发出适合环境的认知风格，能够有效的提高人群整体的逻辑推理能力。
[Abstract]:With the further study of the relationship between personality and cognition, many scholars have begun to pay attention to the relationship between cognitive style and cognitive domain such as memory, emotional state, etc. Categorical syllogism is a process of advanced cognitive processing. Class is deductive reasoning, which consists of two common premises and one conclusion combination. There are many ways to investigate the reasoning of the subjects, among which the conclusion evaluation is one of the more widely used ways. In this method, participants were asked to judge the conclusion of "already} f" to see if it could be logically deduced from the premise. Cognitive style covers both personality and cognitive fields. It is generally used as a criterion for studying individual differences. On the basis of comprehensive cognitive style and categorical syllogism, This paper investigates the extent to which cognitive style affects the categorical syllogism of college students. 192 college students, none of whom have taken a logic course, adopted a three-factor experimental design of 3 脳 2 脳 2, in which cognitive styles (field-dependent, field-intermediate) were used. Field-independent) is the inter-subject variable, category syllogism reasoning topic type (abstract symbol title, specific content topic) and logical state (logical effective state). According to the criteria of the general rules of categorical syllogism, the correct score of the subjects' answer in the category syllogism reasoning question is dependent variable. The experimental results show that the main effect of cognitive style is significant, and that there are significant differences in the total scores of categorical syllogism reasoning between field-dependent, field-intermediate and field-independent personality. However, the gender difference is not significant (2) Cognitive style affects the achievement of different syllogism reasoning topics. In abstract symbolic reasoning, the field independent is the best, the middle is the second, and the dependant is the worst. The results of field dependents are the best, the independence is the second, and the dependents are the worst. (3) Cognitive style affects the subjects' performance in different logic states, and this effect is more obvious in the logical effective state. (4) the abstract logic is effective and the abstract logic is ineffective. Among the four problem types, concrete logic is valid and concrete logic is invalid. In this experiment, we can draw three conclusions: (1) the logical reasoning ability of the field independent is better than that of the field dependant on the whole, but it seems that the middle of the field has a unique advantage in any reasoning topic, but it is not as good as that of the field dependant on the topic related to the surrounding cues. People tend to make positive analysis of reasoning problems. Therefore, the results in the logical effective state are better than those in the invalid state.) training in the logic state before adulthood may reduce the differences of the three cognitive styles, and the emphasis should be placed on the cultivation of the reasoning achievement of the field-dependent personality. If the cognitive style suitable for the environment is stimulated in different situations, the overall logical reasoning ability of the crowd can be effectively improved.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.1

【参考文献】