视听通道下数量对时间估计影响的实验研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 20:31

本文关键词： 量值理论数量时间估计　出处：《天津师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：Walsh(2003)提出了量值理论解释数量、时间、空间的关系。这一理论认为我们的认知系统中存在一量值系统,其包含数量、时间、空间等多种成分。三者的表征是一条心理数字线。数量、时间、空间三种属性是通过一个共同的计数动作联系在一起的,即时间估计与数量估计相似,二者通过共同的计数累积原理进行累计；数量、空间及时间有共同的神经加工机制,处于大脑皮层的同一位置；在这一系统中不可数的及可数的数量信息被表征为同一种形式——心理数量；数字与空间存在联系,也与时间存在联系,并且这些属性之间可能存在相互影响。早期研究大部分都支持这一理论,数量影响时间估计,数量与时间估计可能存在于同一系统中,大的数量会引起相对长的时间估计,小的数量会引起相对短的时间估计。然而,之前的文献中也发现了时间与数量之间的关系存在不对等的现象,时间估计不影响数量加工。并且最近采用听觉通道进行的研究表明,时间估计与数量之间是相互独立的。本研究的目的是进一步对这一现象进行探究,对量值理论进行检验。本文采用三个实验对此问题进行探讨。三个实验均采用5×5被试内设计,时距水平为5s、7s、9s、11s、13s五个水平,刺激个数为11、13、15、17、19个。每个实验均选取了30名被试,年龄范围为20-26岁之间。实验一是对之前采用听觉通道进行的实验的验证,实验结果表明听觉条件下数量对时间估计的影响不显著,这同早期研究结果相一致。实验二采用视觉通道这一条件,采用同听觉通道下完全一致的程序,探讨是否数量对时间估计产生影响。实验结果表明视觉通道条件下数量对时间估计的影响显著。实验三对视听通道结果存在差异的原因进行探索。之前的研究曾发现视觉时间估计需要的注意资源多于听觉时间估计需要的注意资源量,因此实验三通过改变刺激的性质降低其所需的注意资源量,探讨是否通道间的差异导致了视听结果的差异。实验结果表明简单刺激视觉条件下,数量对时间估计的影响不显著,支持了本文的假设。上述实验结果并没有支持量值理论,在此基础上作者对数量与时间估计之间的关系进行了进一步推测。
[Abstract]:Walshon 2003) proposed a quantitative theory to explain the relationship between quantity, time and space. This theory holds that there is a quantitative system in our cognitive system, which includes quantity, time, and time. Space and other elements. The representation of the three is a psychological digital line. The three attributes of quantity, time and space are connected by a common counting action, that is, time estimation is similar to quantitative estimation. The number, space and time have the same neural processing mechanism and are located in the same position of the cerebral cortex. In this system, the uncountable and countable quantitative information is represented as the same form of psychological quantity, and the number is related to space and time, and these attributes may interact with each other. Most of the earlier studies supported this theory. Quantity affects time estimation. Quantity and time estimation may exist in the same system. Large quantities may cause relatively long time estimates. Small quantities cause relatively short time estimates. However, previous literature has also found that there is an unequal relationship between time and quantity. Time estimation does not affect quantitative processing. Recent studies using auditory channels show that time estimation and quantity are independent of each other. The purpose of this study is to further explore this phenomenon and test the quantitative theory. In this paper, three experiments were used to study this problem. The three experiments were designed in 5 脳 5 subjects. The time interval level was 5 sg 7s / 9sL / 11sL / 13s, and the number of stimuli was 111.13517 and 19, respectively. 30 subjects were selected for each experiment, and 30 subjects were selected for each experiment. The age range is 20-26 years. Experiment one is a validation of previous experiments using auditory channels, the results of which show that the number of auditory conditions has no significant effect on time estimation. This is consistent with the results of earlier studies. Experiment two uses the condition of visual channels and a procedure that is perfectly consistent with the auditory channel. The experimental results show that the number of visual channels has a significant effect on time estimation. Experiment 3 explores the reasons for the differences in the results of audio-visual channels. It was found that visual time estimation requires more attention resources than auditory time estimation. Therefore, by changing the nature of stimuli, experiment 3 reduced the amount of attention resources needed, and explored whether the differences between channels resulted in differences in audiovisual results. The experimental results showed that the number of simple stimuli had no significant effect on time estimation under visual conditions. The above experimental results do not support the quantitative theory. On this basis, the author further speculated on the relationship between quantity and time estimation.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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