社会焦虑情境下中国人视线行为的研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 09:11

本文关键词： 文化倾向文化文本视线行为 SAD TKS 眼动仪　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：文化心理病理学发现,文化和心理行为之间相互影响。文化不仅影响正常的心理行为,也会影响异常的心理行为。社会焦虑就属于异常的心理行为中的一种。文化对于心理行为的影响是通过文化文本作为桥梁来实现的。文化文本就是指文化环境下的行为及其意义。以往的研究发现,在强调个人主义文化的国家(如美国),社会焦虑者主要表现为害怕自己受伤害文本;而在强调集体主义文化的国家(如日本),社会焦虑者主要表现为害怕伤害别人文本。并且以往研究还发现社会焦虑和视线行为之间有着密切的关系,社会焦虑者一般会表现出视线逃避行为。但是以往研究中也存在着以下不足。第一,关于文化与社会焦虑的关系研究中,主要是采用问卷的方式进行的。第二,在探讨社会焦虑和视线行为的关系研究中,并没有涉及到文化因素。基于此,本研究通过实验的方式,以中国人为被试,探索在社会焦虑情境下,个体的视线行为反应,及其潜在的文化机制(文化文本)。具体研究的问题为:第一,在社会焦虑情境下,中国人对不同情绪刺激的视线行为是什么样的?第二,中国人在社会焦虑情境下视线行为反应的文化文本是什么样的?根据第一个问题,提出以下三个假设。H1a:文化文本(害怕自己受伤害文本/害怕伤害他人文本)和面孔图片上的注视时间呈显著负相关;H2a:害怕自己受伤害文本分数低组和害怕自己受伤害文本分数高组在面孔图片上的注视时间存在着显著差异;H3a:害怕伤害他人文本分数低组和害怕伤害他人文本分数高组在面孔图片上的注视时间存在着显著差异。根据第二个问题,提出以下两个假设。H1b:集体主义文化倾向和害怕伤害他人文本呈显著正相关,个人主义文化倾向和害怕自己受伤害文本呈显著正相关;H2b:文化文本(害怕自己受伤害文本/害怕伤害他人文本)在文化倾向和面孔图片上的注视时间之间起中介作用。本研究通过以下实验检验上述假设。预实验:社会焦虑情境有效性的研究。以20名上海师范大学的学生为被试。创设一个社会焦虑情境,情境主要是通过视频语音的方式让被试和权威者之间进行对话,并让被试在权威者面前进行7分钟演讲。预实验结束后让被试回答在这种社会焦虑情境下的焦虑情绪的程度是多少分?预实验的结果反映了创设的社会焦虑情境能够有效地引发被试的社会焦虑情绪。正式实验:中国人在社会焦虑情境下的视线行为的研究。以106名上海师范大学的学生为被试,通过自我建构量表,社会互动焦虑量表和社会焦虑量表分别测量被试的文化倾向,害怕自己受伤害文本和害怕伤害他人文本。接着创设一个社会焦虑情境,诱发出被试的焦虑情绪以后,再呈现不同的情绪面孔图片,用眼动仪测量被试在整个实验过程中的视线行为。根据实验分别得出以上两个问题的相应结果。首先对于第一个问题,结果反映了在社会焦虑情境下,集体主义文化倾向的人,随着文化文本(害怕自己受伤害文本或者害怕伤害他人文本)分数的增加,对情绪刺激(尤其是威胁性的刺激)会表现出越来越多的注视行为;在社会焦虑情境下,个人主义文化倾向的人,随着文化文本(害怕自己受伤害文本或者害怕伤害他人文本)分数的增加,对情绪刺激(尤其是威胁性的刺激)会表现出越来越多的逃避行为。对于第二个问题,结果反映了集体主义文化倾向的人在社会焦虑情境下,主要表现为害怕自己受伤害;害怕自己受伤害文本在集体主义文化倾向和中立的情绪刺激之间起完全中介作用。通过本研究,我们了解到了文化,社会焦虑的文化文本以及视线行为之间的关系。以便于今后,我们可以根据来访者的文化特性理解来访者的思想行为并与之进行恰当地互动。
[Abstract]:Study found that cultural psychopathology, interaction between cultural and psychological behavior. Psychological culture not only affects the normal behavior, will also affect the abnormal psychological behavior. Social anxiety is a kind of abnormal behavior in the influence of culture on psychological behavior. Through cultural texts as a bridge to achieve the cultural text is refers to the behavior. And the significance of cultural environment. Previous studies have found that in the individualistic culture of the country (such as the United States), social anxiety mainly for fear of hurting the text; while in emphasize collectivism culture countries (such as Japan), social anxiety mainly for fear of hurting others and previous research has text. It is found that there is a close relationship between social anxiety and sight behavior, social anxiety will generally show sight escape behavior. But previous studies also exist the following deficiencies. First, the research on the relationship between culture and social anxiety, is mainly carried out by questionnaire. Second, in the study to explore the relationship between social anxiety and gaze behavior, and not related to cultural factors. Based on this, the experimental approach to Chinese as participants, to explore in social anxiety the line of sight, behavioral responses of individuals, and its potential mechanism of culture (cultural text). The specific research questions are as follows: first, the social anxiety, Chinese is what kind of sight behavior of different emotional stimuli? Second, reaction behavior Chinese sight culture text in social anxiety is what? According to the first problem, put forward the following three hypotheses (.H1a: cultural text, afraid of their own hurt / hurt others fear the text text) has significant negative correlation and the face image on the fixation time; H2a: was afraid of hurt Text and low score group and fear of hurt in the face of high score group text on the picture viewing time are significantly different; H3a: is afraid of hurting others text low scores for fear of harming another group and the group in the face of high score text on the picture viewing time have significant differences. According to the second problems, put forward the following two hypotheses.H1b: collectivism and fear was positively related to harm others text, individualism tendency and fear of injury was positively related to H2b: text; cultural texts (fear of hurt / hurt others fear the text in the text) between the cultural tendency and faces on the picture viewing time plays an intermediary role. It is based on the following experiments verify the above assumptions. The pre experiment: A Study on social anxiety effectively. In 20 Shanghai Normal University students as subjects. The creation of a social anxiety Situation, situation is mainly through the way of video and voice dialogue between subjects and authority, and let the participants in authority before speaking for 7 minutes. After the pre experiment, subjects were asked to answer the anxiety in this kind of social anxiety situations much? Pre experiment results reflect social anxiety the situation can effectively lead to social anxiety subjects. The formal experiment: To study the behavior of Chinese sight anxiety in social context. In 106 Shanghai Normal University students were tested by self construal scale, social interaction anxiety scale and social anxiety scale were measured cultural orientation. Afraid I hurt and afraid to hurt others. Text text and then create a social anxiety, after induced anxiety of the subjects, and different emotional faces, measured by eye tracker The subjects of sight behavior during the whole experiment. According to the corresponding results obtained above two problems. Firstly, as for the first question, the results reflect anxiety in social situations, collectivism people with cultural texts (fear of injury or harm to others in the fear of the increasing of the content of text), to emotional stimuli (especially threatening stimuli) will exhibit gaze behavior more and more; in social anxiety, individualism tendency, with the cultural text (fear of hurt or afraid to hurt others text text) the increase in scores of emotional stimuli (especially threatening stimuli) will show more and more escape behavior. For the second problem, the results reflect the collectivism of the people in the social anxiety, mainly for fear of hurting fear; I hurt the text is a mediator between the collectivism and neutral emotional stimuli. Through this study, we understand that the culture, the relationship between social anxiety and behavior. The sight of cultural texts in order to facilitate the future, we can according to the cultural characteristics of the visitors understand the thinking and behavior of visitors and properly interact with it.

【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.6

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