类别学习中的相似性表征和规则表征

发布时间：2018-02-16 09:39

本文关键词： 类别学习类别结构学习策略类别表征　出处：《浙江师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：类别学习是人们适应环境的基本能力,对人们的生产和生活有着重要影响。同时类别学习是人类认知能力的基础,是认知心理学研究的热点问题之一。该论文在行为实验的基础上,揭示类别学习的加工机制。这一研究成果不仅弥补了相关理论的研究空白,同时为促进人类有效地进行类别学习提供了理论依据。该论文在系统地梳理了类别学习理论、类别表征理论以及相关研究的基础上,针对以往研究中多采用简单几何图形探讨类别结构对类别表征的影响,采用复杂的人工动物图形材料来探讨类别结构对类别表征的影响;针对以往研究中缺乏探讨学习策略对类别表征,探讨了学习策略对类别表征的影响；针对以往研究中缺乏对相似性类别表征和基于规则类别表征之间相互作用的研究,探讨了这两种类别表征之间的相互影响。该论文设计了三个研究系统探讨了类别学习中相似性表征和规则表征之间相互作用。研究一运用两可类别结构考察了人们在两可类别结构下类别表征的方式。研究结果显示,在类别学习中,一部分被试的类别判断的正确率达到相似性表征下的标准,而另一部分被试达到了规则表征下的标准。该结果表明,在两可类别结构中,一部分被试采用了相似性表征,一部分被试采用了规则表征来表征类别。研究二在研究一的基础上探讨了在类别结构确定的条件下,类别学习策略指导对类别表征的影响。结果显示：在相似性类别学习策略指导下,人们在相似性类别结构条件下达到了形成相似性表征的正确率水平,在单规则类别结构条件下达到了形成规则表征的正确率水平,但是在组合规则类别结构条件下没有达到规则表征的正确率水平。在规则学习策略指导下,人们在相似性的类别结构中没有达到相似性表征的正确率水平,而在单规则和组合规则类别结构中均达到了规则表征的水平。这些结果表明：在单规则类别结构条件下,无论是相似性学习策略指导还是规则学习策略指导,人们中都会形成规则类别表征,即在单规则类别结构条件下,学习策略指导对类别表征影响不大；在相似性类别结构中,相似性学习策略指导有利于人们形成相似性表征；在组合规则类别结构中,规则学习策略指导有利于人们形成规则表征。研究三在研究二基础上探讨了已有类别表征对后续类别表征的影响。结果显示：先习得规则表征,再接受相似性策略指导,被试进行相似性类别结构学习的表现显著低于相似性表征要达到的正确率水平：先习得相似性表征,再接受规则策略指导,被试进行组合规则类别结构学习的表现显著低于规则表征要达到的正确率水平；先习得相似性表征,再接受规则策略指导,被试进行单规则类别结构学习的表现基本达到规则表征要达到的正确率水平,即由于单规则结构本身比较简单,先习得的类别表征对后续形成的类别表征影响不大。这些结果表明,除单规则类别学习外,先习得的相似性表征阻碍了后续规则表征的形成,先习得的规则表征阻碍了后续相似性表征的形成。综合三个实验结果表明,不同类别结构学习中存在最佳的表征方式,基于规则类别结构的最佳表征方式是规则表征,基于相似性类别结构的最佳表征方式是相似性表征；学习策略指导和先习得的表征方式对后续类别表征的形成产生影响。这说明,在类别学习中,基于规则类别表征和基于相似性的类别表征存在相互作用。
[Abstract]:Category learning is the basic ability for people to adapt to the environment, has important influence on people's production and life. At the same time, category learning is the basis of human cognition, is one of the hot issues in the research of cognitive psychology. In this paper, based on the behavior experiment, reveal the processing mechanism of category learning. This research not only makes up for the study the blank theory, at the same time to promote the human effectively category provides a theoretical basis for the study.
This paper reviews systematically in category learning theory, representation theory and category based on related research, aiming at using simple geometric shapes to explore the influence of category structure on the category representation of the previous studies, using artificial animal graphics of complex material to investigate the effect of category structure on the category representation; discussion on characterization of learning strategies on the lack of category in previous studies, to explore the impact of learning strategies on category representation; previous studies on the lack of Category Similarity Study and characterization of interaction between category representation based on rules, to explore the relationship between the two categories of representation.
This paper designed three researches systematically discusses the interplay between similarity representation and rule representation in category learning. Study 1 investigated people categories in the category structure under the mode of representation with ambiguous category structure ambiguities. The results of the study show that in the category learning, a part of the correct rate of the subjects reached similar category judgment characterization of the standard, and the other part of the subjects reached the standard rules. The characterization results show that in the category structure ambiguous, some subjects use similarity representation, some subjects used the rule representation to table two in the study of syndrome type. Study based on the category the structure is determined, the category learning effect of strategy instruction on category representation. The results showed that the similarity of category learning strategy under the guidance, people form similarity in similarity under the category structure The correct rate of the level of representation, issued to the correct rate of formation of the rules represented in the single rule category structure condition, but the correct rate of the level of rule representation did not meet in the combination rules of category structure. Under the condition of learning strategy instruction in the rules, the people in the category of similar structure did not reach the level of accuracy of the similarity representation but, in the category structure of single rule and the multi rules have reached the level of characterization rules. These results show that in the single rule category structure conditions, both the similarity learning strategies or rules learning strategy instruction, will form the rules of category representation people, that there is one rule category structure under the condition of learning strategies the guidance has little effect on category representation; similarity in the category structure, similarity learning strategy instruction helps people develop similar representation; in combination rule category structure In the rules of learning strategy instruction helps people develop rules characterized. In two studies on three effects have been discussed on the basis of category representation for subsequent category representation. The results showed that the first acquisition rule representation, similarity and receive strategy instruction, were tested by the similarity of category structure learning performance was significantly lower than that of similar level of accuracy to achieve the first characterization: acquisition of similarity representation, and then accept the rules of strategy instruction, the test accuracy rate level learning category structure combination rule performance was significantly lower than the rules to achieve the first characterization; acquisition of similarity representation, and then accept the rules of strategy instruction, the test accuracy rate level learning rule of the single category structure the basic rules to characterization to be reached, because single rule structure itself is relatively simple, the first category representation on the subsequent formation of the acquisition of little influence. The category representation Some results show that, except for single rule category learning, the similarity Representation First hinders the formation of subsequent rule representation, and the rule representation first hinders the formation of subsequent similarity representation.
Three experimental results show that the best way to indicate the existence of different categories of structure learning, the best representation category structure based on rules is the rule representation, based on similar representations of the best category structure is similar to the representation; learning strategies and the first acquisition characterization methods on the formation of subsequent category representation impact. This shows and in the category learning, based on the rules of category representation and similarity based on category representation of interaction.

【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3

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