视觉秩序对个体亲社会行为的影响：认知闭合需要的调节作用

发布时间：2018-02-16 23:36

本文关键词： 视觉秩序亲社会行为认知闭合需要自我控制　出处：《广州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：亲社会行为指一切让他人和社会获益的积极行为,包括分享、告慰、关切、合作、捐赠、助人、利他等行为。个体本身的特质以及情境因素是影响亲社会行为的重要因素。在众多已有关于亲社会行为的研究中,探究视觉秩序这一变量会对亲社会行为会产生怎样的影响还比较少。目前就秩序对个体心理活动、判断以及行为的影响研究中,国外学者多数集中于反社会行为,而对于亲社会行为的探究较少,国内更是很少涉及。此外,以往关于秩序效应的研究鲜有关注到其中的个体差异性。本研究采用现场实验法、实验室实验法、问卷法等,通过三个系列研究来对此加以探讨。首先通过预实验检验了物理环境秩序操作的有效性,研究一采用单因素被试间设计,利用现场实验法,探究了物理环境秩序有序组和物理环境秩序无序组中个体所表现出的亲社会行为是否有差异。由于物理环境中往往包含着诸多社会线索,这些线索都带有大量的社会信息。而根据已有研究表明也许不需要这么复杂的推理,仅仅是基本视觉无序的刺激就会引起个体违反规范行为的发生。因此,研究二通过给被试呈现视觉秩序为有序或无序的图片,采用实验室实验法,探讨了视觉秩序对个体亲社会行为的影响。由于无序刺激的不确定性与模糊性,人们面对这一刺激会产生找寻答案的期望,而用来描述这一认知加工中个体差异的变量就是认知闭合需要。那么秩序效应在个体变量上是否会存在强度的差别,研究三同样通过呈现不同视觉秩序的图片,探讨了在视觉秩序对个体的亲社会行为产生影响的过程中,认知闭合需要起到了怎样的调节作用。本研究得到如下结论:(1)相比处于无序物理环境中的个体,处于有序物理环境中的个体,倾向于表现出较多的亲社会行为。(2)相比视觉秩序为无序的刺激,当视觉秩序为有序时,个体倾向于表现出较多的亲社会行为。(3)对于高认知闭合需要个体而言,相较于视觉无序组中高认知闭合的个体,有序组中高认知闭合个体表现出较多的亲社会行为。而对于低认知闭合需要者来说,视觉有序和无序组中低认知闭合的个体表现出的亲社会行为水平并无显著差异。
[Abstract]:Prosocial behavior refers to all positive behaviors that benefit others and society, including sharing, consolation, concern, cooperation, giving, helping others, Altruistic behavior. The characteristics of individuals and situational factors are the important factors affecting prosocial behavior. At present, in the research on the influence of order on individual psychological activity, judgment and behavior, most foreign scholars focus on antisocial behavior. In addition, previous researches on order effect seldom concern the individual differences among them. This study adopts field experiment, laboratory experiment, questionnaire, etc. This is discussed through three series of studies. First, the validity of the operation of physical environment order is tested by pre-experiment. First, the single factor design is adopted, and the field experiment method is used. This paper probes into whether there are differences in the prosocial behaviors of individuals in the ordered group of physical environment order and the disorder group of physical environment order, because the physical environment often contains many social clues. All of these clues contain a lot of social information. And, according to previous studies, it may not be necessary to reason so complicated that the mere stimulation of basic visual disorder can lead to individual violations of norms. In the second study, the effects of visual order on individual pro-social behavior were investigated by presenting images of visual order as orderly or disordered. Due to the uncertainty and fuzziness of disordered stimulus, the second study discussed the influence of visual order on individual pro-social behavior by laboratory experiment. In the face of this stimulus, there is an expectation of finding an answer, and the variable used to describe the individual difference in this cognitive process is the need for cognitive closure. So is there a difference in the intensity of the order effect in the individual variable? In the same way, the study discusses the influence of visual order on the prosocial behavior of individuals by presenting pictures of different visual order. In this study, we draw the following conclusion: compared with the individuals in the disorder physical environment, they are in the ordered physical environment. When visual order is orderly, individuals tend to show more pro-social behavior. Compared with the high-cognitive individuals in the visual disorder group, the high-cognitive closure individuals in the ordered group showed more pro-social behaviors. There was no significant difference in the level of prosocial behavior between the low and middle cognitive individuals in the visual order and disorder groups.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.1

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