双语经验不同的大学生执行功能的差异研究

发布时间：2018-02-16 23:54

本文关键词： 双语经验执行功能双语者优势抑制控制注意转换记忆刷新　出处：《云南师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：语言经验的获得离不开执行功能的参与,特别是双语经验与执行功能之间的关系,一直是心理学和语言教育领域中的重要话题。具有双语经验的个体被称为双语者,中国学生从小学习汉语和英语两种语言,就大多数学生而言,汉语通常是他们的第一语言,英语是第二语言,因此大部分中国学生都具有双语经验,属于汉英双语者。虽然至少同时学习两门语言,但中国学生在两种语言能力和水平上的发展差异很大。在中国高校,虽然大多数学生(特别是低年级学生)都在持续地学习英语,但是他们很少有人真正在使用‖英语。而对于高校英语专业的学生,他们每天接触英语,并且在真正地使用英语。因此,我们有理由假设他们的第二语言(英语)经验普遍高于非英语专业的学生。双语言经验的不同是否会对大学生的执行功能的发展水平造成影响呢?这就是本研究试图通过实验方法来探讨的问题。本研究选取了非英语专业未通过大学英语四级和英语专业通过了英语专业八级的两组学生共104人作为研究样本。其中非英语专业且未通过大学英语四级的被试被定义为“双语经验较少组”,英语专业且通过了英语专业八级的的被试被定义为“双语经验较多组”。参考Miyake的执行功能模型,即执行功能包含三个基本的子功能——抑制控制、记忆刷新和注意转换,采用Stroop任务、Simon任务、停止信号任务来考察被试抑制控制功能的差异,注意动向任务、字母记忆任务、语音检测任务来考察被试记忆刷新能力的差异,加减任务、数字字母记忆任务、整体局部任务来考察被试注意转换能力的差异。通过两组学生在九个执行功能任务上的成绩对比,对双语经验能否影响执行功能的各子功能进行了检验。研究表明,相对于双语经验较少的被试,双语经验较多的被试在执行功能的三个子功能(抑制控制、记忆刷新和注意转换)上均表现出了一定程度的优势,即支持了双语者优势效应。
[Abstract]:The acquisition of language experience is inseparable from the participation of executive function, especially the relationship between bilingual experience and executive function, which has always been an important topic in the field of psychology and language education. Individuals with bilingual experience are called bilinguals. Chinese students learn Chinese and English from an early age. For most students, Chinese is usually their first language and English is their second language, so most Chinese students have bilingual experience. Chinese and English bilinguals. Although they learn at least two languages at the same time, the development of Chinese students' abilities and levels of both languages varies greatly. Although most students (especially those in the lower grades) continue to learn English, few of them really use English. For college English majors, they are exposed to English every day. And really use English. So, It is reasonable to assume that their second language (English) experience is generally higher than that of non-English majors. This is the problem that the present study attempts to explore through experimental methods. The present study selects 104 students of non-English majors who have not passed CET-4 and CET-8 of English majors as the study samples. The non-English majors who did not pass CET-4 were defined as "less bilingual experience group", and those who majored in English and passed CET-8 were defined as "bilingual experience group". Reference is made to Miyake's executive function model. That is, the executive function includes three basic sub-functions, namely, suppression control, memory refresh and attention conversion, Stroop task and stop signal task to investigate the difference of control function, attention task and alphabetical memory task. The task of voice detection was to examine the differences of the subjects' memory refresh ability, the tasks of addition and subtraction, the task of numeral-letter memory, By comparing the results of two groups of students on nine executive functional tasks, the paper tests whether bilingual experience can affect the sub-functions of executive function. Compared with the subjects with less bilingual experience, the subjects with more bilingual experience showed some advantages in the three sub-functions of executive function (suppression control, memory refresh and attention conversion), that is, they supported the advantage effect of bilinguals.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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