后注意线索促进视觉工作记忆表现的研究

发布时间：2018-02-20 17:56

本文关键词： 视觉工作记忆后注意线索注意内源性注意事件相关电位　出处：《福建师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：视觉工作记忆的容量有限,因而利用内外部注意线索来保持与任务相关的信息,有助于提高记忆成绩。大量研究表明先于记忆项呈现的前注意线索有利于提高视觉工作记忆表现,然而,近来研究发现,在记忆项消失后,但又先于记忆检测之前所呈现的后注意线索也能起到相同的作用。这种后注意线索在提高视觉工作记忆表现上的作用被称为“后线索效益”。已有研究提出“后线索效益”的产生是基于后注意线索能使注意线索所指示的项目的记忆更稳固,免于受同时存储在视觉工作记忆中的刺激或其他随后出现的新刺激的干扰或覆盖,但到目前为止对后注意线索认知加工机制的解释仍未清晰。基于以往的研究,我们认为“后线索效益”产生的更深层次的内在加工机制是由于后注意线索能调节视觉工作记忆存储负荷,只保持与任务相关的信息的记忆。此外,已有研究所证实的“后线索效益”是基于空间性质的后注意线索,对于非空间性质的后注意线索是否也能起到相同的作用以及相应的加工机制都有待进一步的探讨。为了验证上述观点,本研究采用ERP技术和“连续报告任务”范式,通过空间后注意线索和颜色后注意线索的设置,分析了CDA成分在后注意线索前后的变化,以探讨“后线索效益”产生的认知加工机制。CDA幅值反映了视觉工作记忆负荷的大小,按照之前假设,记忆项目呈现后,即后注意线索呈现前,应会出现明显的CDA,表明此时被试承受着较大的工作记忆负荷,但在后注意线索呈现后,CDA幅值应有明显的降低,表明后注意线索促使被试只保持着与任务相关信息的记忆,从而降低了视觉工作记忆存储负荷。结果表明,在行为上,空间后注意线索和颜色后注意线索条件下的记忆成绩均显著优于无注意线索条件,在ERP上,后注意线索呈现前,出现了明显的CDA,此时被试具有较大的工作记忆负荷,但后注意线索呈现后,CDA幅值有显著的下降,记忆负荷降低。由于CDA反映着记忆负载的大小,为使前述的后注意线索加工机制更具说服力,研究中还增加了一个重要的设置：高低记忆负载条件(3个客体vs4个客体),结果表明由于后注意线索的调节作用,不同记忆负载条件下的CDA幅值趋近一致,进一步说明了后注意线索能发挥调节视觉工作记忆负荷的作用,促使被试只保持与任务相关信息的记忆,进而提高记忆表现。综上所述,在记忆保持期间呈现的后注意线索能调节视觉工作记忆存储负荷,只保持与任务相关信息的记忆,进而提高视觉工作记忆表现,产生“后线索效益”。
[Abstract]:Visual working memory is limited, so it uses internal and external attention cues to keep task-related information. A large number of studies have shown that pre-attention cues prior to memory items can improve visual working memory performance. However, recent studies have found that after memory items disappear, However, the post-attention cues presented before the memory test can also play the same role. The function of the post-attention cues in improving the performance of visual working memory is called "post-clue benefit". Previous studies have suggested that "post-cue-benefit" is based on the ability of post-attention cues to make the memory of the items indicated by the attention-cues more stable. Free from interference or overlay by stimuli stored simultaneously in visual working memory or other subsequent stimuli, the explanation of the cognitive processing mechanism of post-attention cues remains unclear, based on previous studies. We think that the deeper intrinsic processing mechanism of "post-clue benefit" is that post-attention cues can regulate the storage load of visual working memory and only keep the memory of task-related information. The "post-clue benefit", which has been confirmed by some researches, is based on the spatial attention cues. Whether the non-spatial attention clues can also play the same role and the corresponding processing mechanism need to be further discussed. In order to verify the above views, the ERP technique and the "continuous reporting task" paradigm were used to analyze the changes of CDA components before and after the post-attention cues through the setting of the spatial attention cues and the color post-attention cues. In order to explore the cognitive processing mechanism of "post-clue benefit", the amplitude of CDA reflected the size of visual working memory load. There should be obvious CDA, indicating that at this time the subjects bear a large workload of working memory, but the amplitude of CDA should be significantly reduced after the post-attention cues are presented, indicating that the post-attention cues promote the subjects to keep only the memory of task-related information. As a result, the memory load of visual working memory was reduced. The results showed that the memory scores of spatial attention cues and color post-attention cues were significantly better than those without attention cues on ERP. At this time, the subjects had a large working memory load, but the amplitude of CDA decreased significantly and the memory load decreased after the attention clue presented. Because CDA reflected the size of the memory load, there was no significant difference between the two groups. In order to make the mechanism of post-attention cues more persuasive, an important setting has been added in the study: high and low memory load conditions (three object vs4 objects). The results show that due to the regulation of post-attention cues, The CDA amplitudes of different memory loads converge, which further shows that attention cues can play a role in regulating the visual working memory load, so that the subjects can only keep the memory of task-related information and improve their memory performance. To sum up, the post-attention clues presented during memory retention can adjust the storage load of visual working memory, only keep the memory of task-related information, and then improve the performance of visual working memory and produce "post-clue benefit".
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3

【参考文献】