心理学解释问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 09:53

本文关键词： 心理学解释衔接问题人工神经网络表征镜像神经元　出处：《山西大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：基于心理学哲学视角,进行心理学解释问题的研究对心理学解释学的发展具有重大的引导作用,关乎作为科学解释之一的心理学解释的合理性判定,对心理学范畴内概念的理解及思考具有重大的哲学意义,有助于对作为日常行为解释手段的常识心理学的合理性疑问的澄清,更有益于整个心理学研究体系的统一。但是国内针对心理学解释问题进行哲学专业性研究的相对较少。本论文的目的就是对心理学解释的概念问题、范畴问题、衔接问题,以及实现者和角色之间关系问题予以全面的哲学分析,由此来揭示心理学解释问题的本质。论文总体包括引言、五大章的系统性论述以及结束语。第一章,心理学解释问题的缘起。本章首先介绍心理学四大历史形态,说明了心理学涉及领域之广,内容之复杂。其次将当代心理学研究对象划分为日常生活领域的行为预测,以及对具体科学实验对象研究这两类。尽管这两类看似相差甚远,但都属于心理学解释的对象,而且二者皆符合心理学解释概念-簇的要求。最后基于多样性、对象复杂性和主观意向性三个方面分析心理学解释的自主性。第二章,心理学解释的相关概念范畴及衔接问题。本章的主要目的是确立与心理学解释相关的概念及其范畴,从而理清各种问题在哲学层面的探讨对象。此章分为三部分,第一部分从三个角度明确心理学解释问题的必然性,这种必然性源自于常识心理学独特地位、不同学科心理现象解释之间的不可通约性以及“心-心”问题。第二部分从与常识心理学相关的四个方面加以探讨,以便为之后亚人层次心理学解释的实现做好准备。第三部分正式提出衔接问题,要明确的是衔接问题是心理学解释的核心问题,通过哲学层面的不断抽象化,可概述为个人层次常识心理学解释和亚人层次其他心理学解释的融合问题。第三章,心理学解释衔接问题的解决方案及其困境。自主心灵观点、功能心灵观点、表征心灵观点和神经计算心灵观点恰好构成一个完整的研究范畴,从坚持唯一性和不可还原性的自主观点到取消主义的神经计算观点,形成一个逐级还原的范畴。在这个范畴内,基于每种心灵观点基本理论的前提,同一种心灵观点又存在不同的主张:丹尼特的“个体同一性”观点、戴维森的“无律则一元论”、霍恩斯比的“待解释物”、刘易斯的“心灵还原论”、古利克的“目的性向导”、福多的“内部思维语言”假说、雷伊的“理性”思考,以及丘奇兰德和谢诺沃斯基的“协同进化”理论。第四章,心理学解释方案的融合建构。本章主要讨论了命题态度实现的困境、命题态度的媒介及内容、基于人工神经网络建构命题态度的探讨三个部分。这三部分一脉相承,前后内容具有明显的逻辑性,这一章的目的是基于表征路径,再次尝试在人工神经网络领域内实现命题态度。因为命题态度具有结构化属性,句法层面的符号可以实现语义,而这一点恰恰是普通人工神经网络所欠缺的。普通人工神经网络是连续性符号,不存在结构化,所以鉴于命题态度的特性,利用斯莫伦斯基的张量积框架比较成功地实现了命题态度的角色。但是依然存在人工神经网络功能性结构和系统性受限的问题。第五章,心理学解释的重构:一种新尝试。本章作为最后一章,从解决衔接问题的方法论上改变表征一试到底的做法,转向机制性解释。通过具体分析,我们可以确定命题态度没有如期预料那般具有广泛的解释效力。面对这种情况,通过当下神经科学发展巨大成就之一的镜像神经元理论和定义语言角色的重新布线假说来绕开命题态度,对意向性建模的可行性进行探讨。意向性建模的尝试不是为了彻底离开表征解释,而是通过两种解释方式的交流达到对命题态度的真正实现。结束语既对前文进行了概括性总结,又对心理学解释可能面对的境况进行了分析:一是包含命题态度的核心认知进程与包括模块机制的次要认知进程在解释和预测行为上同时发挥作用;二是根据当下人工智能水平的预期,从哲学角度对自主体的概念进行分析,对进一步构建表征模型或发现新的机制很有启发意义。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of philosophy of psychology, psychology of interpretation has a great leading role in the development of psychology problems of hermeneutics, as a science about interpretation of psychology has great significance of philosophical rationality judgment, understanding and thinking of the concept in the field of psychology, helps to explain the rationality of daily behavior as a means of commonsense psychology question the clarification, more unity in the study of psychology system. Aiming at the problem of interpretation but relatively few domestic professional psychology research philosophy. The purpose of this thesis is to explain the concept, psychological issues, and the relationship between cohesion, and role to a comprehensive analysis of philosophy, thus to reveal the nature explain the problem of psychology. The overall five chapters including the introduction, the systematic discussion and conclusion. The first chapter, psychology to explain the origin of the problem. This chapter first introduces four historical patterns of psychology, psychology that involves a wide range of areas, the content of the complex. The research object is divided into the prediction of contemporary psychology in the field of daily life, and for the specific object of study of these two kinds of scientific experiments. Although these two kinds of seemingly very different well, they all belong to the object of psychological interpretation, and all two conforms to the psychology explain the concept of cluster requirements. Finally based on the analysis of diversity, autonomy of psychology to explain aspects of three object complexity and subjective intention. In the second chapter, the related concepts and convergence problems. Psychological explanation of the main purpose of this chapter is to establish and explain the concept and category of psychology related, to clarify the various problems in the study of philosophical object. This chapter is divided into three parts, the first part from three angles of clear heart The necessity of science to explain the problem, the necessity from the unique position of commonsense psychology, between different disciplines explain the psychological phenomenon of incommensurability and "heart - heart problems. The second part discusses from four aspects related to commonsense psychology, so as to realize the sub level after the explanation of psychological preparation. The third part put forward the problem of convergence to explicit cohesion is the core problem of psychology, through the abstraction level of philosophy, can be summarized as the fusion problem of explaining the individual level of commonsense psychology and other psychology explain the Asian level. In the third chapter, psychology explain the solution convergence problems and difficulties. Independent soul view the function of the heart, mind and soul view view of neural representation calculation constitutes a complete research category, from adhering to the unique and can not be restored Independent viewpoint to liquidationism neural computing, a stepwise reduction category. In this category, the basic premise of theory based on the view of each soul, with a mind and view have different opinions: dennit "individual identity" point of view, Davidson's "no law monism" Hornsby, "to explain", Lewis's "heart of reductionism", Gulik's "objective guide", "internal Fodor's language of thought hypothesis, Rey's" rational "thinking, and Churchland and Xie Nuowosiji" co evolution "theory. The fourth chapter, the construction scheme of the psychological explanation of fusion. This chapter mainly discusses the realization of propositional attitude dilemma, media and content of propositional attitudes, three part discusses the construction of propositional attitude based on artificial neural network. The three part is the content of same, and The logic of the display, the purpose of this chapter is based on the characterization of path, try again to achieve propositional attitude in the artificial neural network in the field. Because of propositional attitude with structured attributes, syntactic semantic symbols can be realized, and this is precisely the general artificial neural network. The lack of common artificial neural network is a symbol of continuity so, there is no structured, given the propositional attitude characteristics, using the framework of Smolensky's tensor product successfully achieve propositional attitude role. But there are still artificial neural network functional structure and system of constrained problems. The fifth chapter, the reconstruction psychology explanation: a new attempt. This chapter is the last chapter. From the method of solving the problem of connecting the change characterization of a test in the end of practice, the steering mechanism is explained. Through detailed analysis, we can determine the propositional attitude is not scheduled to pre The material has wide interpretation effect. In this situation, the current neural rewiring hypothesis is one of the great achievements of the scientific development theory of mirror neurons and definition language role to circumvent the propositional attitude, this paper discusses the feasibility of intentionality modeling. Try not to intentional modeling completely left the characterization of explanation, but through the interpretation of the two the way to realize communication on propositional attitude. The conclusion is a summary of the preceding, and has carried on the analysis to the psychological explanation may face the situation: one is the minor cognitive processes include the core proposition of cognitive process and includes the module mechanism at the same time play a role in explaining and predicting the behavior; the two is based on the the current level of artificial intelligence is expected, analyzes the concept of self subject from a philosophical point of view, to further build or find new representation model The mechanism is very enlightening.

【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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