调节聚焦类型对自我—他人跨期选择的影响

发布时间：2018-02-26 23:34

本文关键词： 特质型调节聚焦情境型调节聚焦自我-他人跨期选择　出处：《山东师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：跨期选择是人们对发生在不同时间的收益或者损失进行的权衡后进而做出的决策。学者们对跨期选择做了很多的研究,也得到了一些有意义的发现。但这些研究主要集中在自我跨期选择的层面,较少涉及生活中相当普遍的现象—他人跨期选择。近期的研究发现,调节聚焦作为一种动机倾向会影响自我-他人风险选择偏好。作为与风险选择相似的跨期选择,调节聚焦类型是否也会对自我-他人跨期选择产生影响。理清这一问题不仅能够丰富自我-他人决策和跨期选择的相关理论,而且可以为个体在现实生活中进行自我-他人的跨期选择提供科学依据。因此,本研究运用三个实验,考察调节聚焦类型对自我-他人跨期选择的影响。实验一考察了特质型调节聚焦对自我-他人跨期选择的影响。本实验采用3(决策者角色:为自己、为亲密家人、为完全陌生的人)×2(特质型调节聚焦:特质型促进聚焦、特质型防御聚焦)的混合实验设计,结果表明:(1)特质型调节聚焦和决策者角色交互作用显著。对特质型促进聚焦的个体而言,为自己、为亲密家人和为完全陌生的人决策并无差异;对特质型防御聚焦的个体而言,为自己和亲密家人决策时的时间折扣率显著低于为完全陌生的人决策时的时间折扣率。(2)特质型调节聚焦的主效应边缘显著。特质型促进聚焦个体的时间折扣率稍高于特质型防御聚焦个体的时间折扣率。(3)决策者角色的主效应显著。个体为自己和为亲密家人决策时的时间折扣率显著低于为完全陌生的人决策时的时间折扣率,个体为自己和为亲密家人决策时的时间折扣率并无显著差异。实验二考察了情境型调节聚焦对自我-他人跨期选择的影响。本实验采用3(决策者角色:为自己、为亲密家人、为完全陌生的人)×2(情境型调节聚焦:情境型促进聚焦、情境型防御聚焦)的混合实验设计。结果表明:决策者角色的主效应显著。当被试为自己决策和为亲密家人决策时,其时间折扣率显著小于为完全陌生人决策的时间折扣率;为自己和为亲密家人的时间折扣率没有明显差异,这与实验一的结果相一致。然而,情境型调节聚焦的主效应和二者的交互作用都不显著。实验三通过操纵决策者角色和情境型调节聚焦来考察情境型调节聚焦在自我-他人跨期选择中的作用。其中包括两个单因素实验3a和3b。结果显示:(1)为完全陌生的人决策所诱发的促进聚焦水平显著高于为自己和为亲密朋友诱发的促进聚焦水平,为自己决策和为亲密朋友决策所诱发的促进聚焦水平并无显著差异。(2)为完全陌生的人决策时诱发的防御聚焦水平显著低于为自己决策和为亲密朋友决策所诱发的防御聚焦水平,为自己决策和为亲密朋友决策所诱发的防御聚焦水平并无显著差异。(3)诱发促进聚焦组的被试的时间折扣率要显著高于诱发防御聚焦组被试的时间折扣率。本研究的结论如下:(1)为自己和为亲密家人决策时间折扣率低,为完全陌生的人决策时间折扣率高,为自己和为亲密家人决策时间折扣率差异不显著。(2)促进聚焦被试的时间折扣率显著高于防御聚焦被试的时间折扣率。(3)特质型调节聚焦在自我-他人跨期选择中起调节作用;情境型调节聚焦在自我-他人跨期选择中起中介作用。
[Abstract]:The intertemporal choice is to occur at different times of the income or loss of balance in and make decisions. Scholars have done a lot of researches on the intertemporal choice, also got some interesting discoveries. But these researches mainly focus on the self intertemporal choice level, less involved in life is quite common the phenomenon of other intertemporal choice. Recent studies have found that regulatory focus as a motivation will affect the self other risk preference and risk selection. As the intertemporal choice and similar types of regulatory focus is on self and others of intertemporal choice theory clear impact. This problem can not only enrich self other decision and intertemporal choice, but also for individual self - in real life, others intertemporal choice to provide a scientific basis. Therefore, this study used three experiments on adjusting Effect on self - focusing type and choose others cross. Experiment 1 investigated the characteristics of regulating effect of focusing on self and others across the stage. In this paper 3 (decision maker: for myself, as close as family, total strangers) * 2 (trait regulatory focus: trait promotion focus that trait defense focus) mixed experimental design, results showed that: (1) specific regulatory focus and decision-making role significant interaction. To promote the focus on individual trait, for themselves, for a close family and for the decision is completely strange difference; nature of defense focused individuals for themselves and close family decisions when time discount rate was significantly lower than that for a complete stranger decision when the time discount rate. (2) the main effect of edge trait regulatory focus significantly. Specific promotion focus individual time discount rate is slightly higher than the characteristics of anti The focus individual time discount rate (3). The main effect is significant. The individual decision maker for himself and for close family decision when the time discount rate was significantly lower than that for a complete stranger decision when the time discount rate, the individual for himself and for close family decision time discount rate had no significant difference in experiments. Two the effects of situational effects on self - focusing and choose others across. This experiment uses 3 (decision maker: for myself, as close as family, total strangers) * 2 (situational regulatory focus: situational promotion focus, situational prevention focus) mixed experimental design. The results showed that the main effect: decision maker is significant. When subjects for their own decisions and intimate family decisions, the time discount rate was significantly less than for a complete stranger decision time discount rate; for himself and for close family time discount rate is not clear Significant difference, which is consistent with the results of an experiment. However, the main effects of situational regulatory focus and the two are not significant. The experiment to examine the situational regulatory focus in self and others in intertemporal choice of focusing three decision makers through the manipulation of characters and situations including two type regulation. The single factor experiments of 3a and 3b. results showed that: (1) induced by complete strangers making promotion focus level is significantly higher than for himself and for close friends induced promotion focus level, for their decision-making and decision-making for close friends induced promotion focus levels were not significantly different. (2) the defense focus level completely stranger decision induced was significantly lower than that in making decisions for yourself as a close friend and decision by focusing their defense level, decision-making and decision-making as a close friend induced defense focus levels were not significantly difference Different. (3) induced promotion focus groups were tested the time discount rate is significantly higher than that induced by the defense focus group participants time discount rate. The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) for himself and for close family decision time discount rate is low, is completely strange decision time discount rate is high, for their own and for close family decision time discount rate difference was not significant. (2) to promote the focus subjects time discount rate was significantly higher than that of prevention focus subjects time discount rate. (3) focus on the self - regulating trait of others in intertemporal choice and regulate the situation; regulation focus on self and others across the stage choose to play an intermediary role.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842

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